This paper investigates the views of science and scientific activity that can be found in chemistry textbooks and heard from teachers when acid-base reactions are introduced to grade 12 and university chemistry students. First, the main macroscopic and microscopic conceptual models are developed. Second, we attempt to show how the existence of views of science in textbooks and of chemistry teachers contributes to an impoverished image of chemistry. A varied design has been elaborated to analyse some epistemological deficiencies in teaching acid-base reactions. Textbooks have been analysed and teachers have been interviewed. The results obtained show that the teaching process does not emphasize the macroscopic presentation of acids and bases. Macroscopic and microscopic conceptual models involved in the explanation of acid-base processes are mixed in textbooks and by teachers. Furthermore, the non-problematic introduction of concepts, such as the hydrolysis concept, and the linear, cumulative view of acid-base theories (Arrhenius and Brön-sted) were detected.
RESUMEN (Inglés)En este trabajo se realiza una breve introducción histórica y epistemológica del nacimiento de la termodinámica como ciencia moderna. Se muestra, así mismo, como esta historia puede contribuir a mejorar la enseñanza de la termodinámica y a superar algunas dificultades de los estudiantes.Palabras Clave: historia de la ciencia; enseñanza y aprendizaje de la termodinámica
INTRODUCCIÓNLa introducción del primer principio de la Termodinámica y/o de los principales conceptos implicados (como el trabajo, el calor, la energía interna y la entalpía) en la enseñanza convencional de la Química se hace sin tener en cuenta la historia de las ciencias y los resultados de la investigación didáctica sobre los nuevos modelos de aprendizaje de orientación constructivista (Furió-Gómez et al., 2006). Eso hace que no se favorezcan en los estudiantes de bachillerato y universitarios la comprensión de los intercambios energéticos en los procesos físico-químicos (Pintó, 1991;Furió-Gómez, 2004
The main objective of this paper is to present teachers with some of the achievements of research on science didactics. First, it shows how the history and epistemology of science, in particular in Chemistry, are contributing to improvements in teaching, considering the inclusion of conceptual and epistemological aspects that facilitate scientific literacy. In particular, examples in building key concepts in school Chemistry are presented, such as the weight of gases, the idea of substance and
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