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The goals of the study were to understand the cultural meaning that the nursing team and burn patients attribute to burn pain. Participant observations were carried out during one year at a Burn Unit. Semi-structured interviews with four nurses, five nursing auxiliaries and 12 patients were recorded. The burn pain is understood by nurses as physical and emotional pain. For professionals and patients, bath and dressing changes are stressful. For patients, burn pain is terrible and they can not explain it. However, they feel they should hold it up.

The search for an ideal filler for soft tissue augmentation still continues. Because aging changes are continuous, temporary fillers should be preferred against permanent ones. Since 1999, the poly-L-lactic acid filler (PLA) has been marketed in Europe as Newfill. As a synthetic biocompatible polymer, PLA originally was used in suture materials and screws. In 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved PLA under the name of Sculptra for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-related facial lipoatrophy. This study aimed to evaluate a 3-year follow-up investigation into the effect of PLA implant injection for the treatment of sunken nasolabial folds. Between October 2003 and February 2004, 10 women with a median age of 54 years (range, 43-60 years) were injected with polylactic acid hydrogel (Newfill) in the nasolabial fold area for aesthetic reasons. All the patients underwent three injections: one injection per month for 3 months. Evaluation of the results based on clinical examination and photography was performed at each session, at 6 months, and then 36 months after the third session. Injectable PLA was able to correct nasolabial folds successfully with a more lasting result than absorbable fillers commonly used in clinical practice, such as hyaluronic acid and collagen. Careful and standardized photographic documentation is indispensable.

PURPOSE:To describe a new experimental flap for studying skin viability in rats. METHODS:Twenty male Wistar rats weighing between 250-300g were divided into two groups: group A -McFarlane technique, a 4 x 10cm flap was used (McFarlane); and in group B modified McFarlane technique, a 3 x 10cm flap was used. Seven days later, the animals were sacrificed and the area of necrosis was evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: Group Description of a new experimental model skin flap for studying skin viability in rats

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