In the field of digital payments, the pandemic has brought digitalisation to layers of society that would not have been reached for years or even decades. In our study, after defining the different electronic payment options, we compare four market surveys in Hungary to investigate the extent to which the respondents' knowledge of electronic payments has changed, and how the use of cash substitutes and payment habits have changed due to the forced digitalisation caused by the pandemic. The results of our survey show that significantly more Hungarian residents are familiar with electronic payment solutions than in 2019, but a significantly higher proportion of respondents still do not manage their finances online. Most people are used to paying with cash and therefore do not turn to modern payment solutions. The pandemic as a forcing factor and the response of central and state measures have led society to make a significant step towards greater use of digital payment systems in 2020, and in 2021, this trend is expected to stagnate, not to fall back to the pre-virus situation. We found that government interventions and campaigns to support the positive processes that have been set in motion could help digital solutions to spread.
Present-day consumer society increasingly satisfies its needs through digital channels, and financial products and services are no exceptions. The 4th industrial revolution is not only about the penetration of technology, but also the paradigm shift of business processes. The traditional members of the financial sector must adapt to the digitalized world to keep their positions in the market. The penetration of BigTech and FinTech companies influenced the expectations of consumers: customer experience became the main criteria of their decisions. In order to simplify and accelerate processes, banks use the methods of digitalization, and automatize the system to increase client satisfaction. In this article, we will introduce the threebank types based primarily on the usage of innovative technology, the extension and depth of the cooperation with FinTech companies, and the status of a bank’s internal digital transformation. Also, we will introduce the current status of the banking sector evidenced by our SWOT-analysis and mention some of the existing payment solutions.JEL Classification: G21, G23
Az elmúlt években a diszruptív technológiák a pénzügyi szolgáltatásokra gyakorolt tovagyűrűző hatások révén átalakították a hagyományos pénzügyi ágazatot. A kutatás célja annak feltárása, hogy a vizsgált vállalatok milyen diszruptív megoldásokat és üzleti modelleket alkalmaznak, és ezek milyen új potenciális kockázatokat jelentenek. A szerzők kvalitatív kutatási módszertant alkalmaztak négy magyar FinTech vállalat esetét vizsgálva. A legjelentősebb magyarországi FinTech területeken működő vállalatokat választották ki: egy elektronikus fizetési szolgáltatót, egy nyílt banki és adataggregációs céget, egy online fizetési kockázatelemzőt és egy összehasonlító platformot üzemeltető céget. Kutatási eredményeik megerősítik, hogy a szakirodalomban említett, széles körben elterjedt diszruptív technológiák és üzleti modellek a vizsgált vállalatok gyakorlatában is megvalósulnak, amelyek számos újszerű kockázatot is hordozhatnak. A legfontosabb kockázatok az érzékeny pénzügyi és ügyféladatok esetleges kiszivárgásával, valamint a mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazásából adódó kontrollvesztéssel kapcsolatosak.
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