This paper examines the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth using panel data consisting low and high-income countries. Using dynamic panel data methodology, we analyze twenty five high-income and nineteen low-income economies for the periods of 1995-2012 and 1997-2009, respectively. We find reciprocal relationship between health expenditure and economic growth in the short run and one-way causality from economic growth to public health expenditure in the long-run. In high-income countries, there is a two-way causality for both private and public health expenditures in the short-run, while in the long-run there is a one-way causality between economic growth and private health expenditures. The crucial finding of this study is that private health expenditures have negative influence on economic growth while public health expenditures have both negative and statistically significant effect.

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In this study, the long-term relationship between budget deficits and inflation in the Turkish economy is analyzed by monthly data covering the period 2006:01-2018:10. Econometric methods used in the study; Expanded Dickey Fuller, Phillips-Perron an Ng-Perron unit root tests and a bonds testing approach. The main findings of the study; in the long term inflation between dolar exchange rate and M3 money supply statistically significant positive direction; a negative direction with the budget balance is to deternine relationship. In other words, although an increase in budget deficits, inflation has been on an upward trend; may tend to decrease with an increase in the budget surplus.

Reducing income inequality is vital for sustainable development. Financial development can be an essential policy tool for reducing income inequality. In this study, the effects of financial development on income inequality in the Turkish economy are investigated in the context of the Financial Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. In the empirical part of the study, the series related to the financial development measures developed by the IMF and the series calculated with the University of Texas Inequality Project (UTIP) Data Set for income inequality is used. As a result of econometric analyzes made by considering structural breaks, the existence of a long-term co-integration relationship could not be determined. These findings show that the Financial Kuznets Curve hypothesis is not valid in Turkey in the period under consideration.