RESUMO A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) de Massambaba, criada em 1986 e administrada pela FEEMA, abrange 76,3 km2 de restingas, lagoas e morros baixos. Está situada nos municípios de Saquarema, Araruama e Arraial do Cabo, em uma área de restinga constituída por um sistema de dois cordões arenosos, coberto em parte por um campo de dunas. A região de Cabo Frio possui um clima sui generis para o litoral sudeste, com menos de 900 mm anuais de pluviosidade. A diversidade florística desta região é a mais alta do litoral, constituindo um dos 14 Centros de Diversidade Vegetal no Brasil. São descritas 10 formações vegetais e 664 espécies de plantas vasculares distribuídas em 118 famílias. As famílias mais ricas em espécies são Leguminosae e Myrtaceae. Das formas de vida, as mais abundantes são as ervas (30%), seguido pelos arbustos (23%), árvores (21%), lianas (19%), epífitas (6%) e parasitas/saprófitas (1%). Esta unidade de conservação abriga diversas espécies ameaçadas de extinção.
The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.
Premise Medullary bundles, i.e., vascular units in the pith, have evolved multiple times in vascular plants. However, no study has ever explored their anatomical diversity and evolution within a phylogenetic framework. Here, we investigated the development of the primary vascular system within Nyctaginaceae showing how medullary bundles diversified within the family. Methods Development of 62 species from 25 of the 31 genera of Nyctaginaceae in stem samples was thoroughly studied with light microscopy and micro‐computed tomography. Ancestral states were reconstructed using a maximum likelihood approach. Results Two subtypes of eusteles were found, the regular eustele, lacking medullary bundles, observed exclusively in representatives of Leucastereae, and the polycyclic eustele, containing medullary bundles, found in all the remaining taxa. Medullary bundles had the same origin and development, but the organization was variable and independent of phyllotaxy. Within the polycyclic eustele, medullary bundles developed first, followed by the formation of a continuous concentric procambium, which forms a ring of vascular bundles enclosing the initially formed medullary bundles. The regular eustele emerged as a synapomorphy of Leucastereae, while the medullary bundles were shown to be a symplesiomorphy for Nyctaginaceae. Conclusions Medullary bundles in Nyctaginaceae developed by a single shared pathway, that involved the departure of vascular traces from lateral organs toward the pith. These medullary bundles were encircled by a continuous concentric procambium that also constituted the polycyclic eustele, which was likely a symplesiomorphy for Nyctaginaceae with one single reversion to the regular eustele.
RESUMO O município de Armação dos Búzios, RJ, faz parte da região de Cabo Frio, considerada um dos 14 Centros de Diversidade Vegetal do Brasil. Para a caracterização da composição florística e estrutura do componente arbustivoarbóreo (DAP > 5 cm) de florestas sobre maciços litorâneos deste município, foram implantados cinco blocos de cinco parcelas de 10 x 20 m, distribuídos em diferentes encostas (total de 0,5 ha). Foram amostrados 1193 indivíduos, 98 espécies e 36 famílias. Myrtaceae e Fabaceae (20 e 11 espécies) destacaram-se em riqueza e Euphorbiaceae, em número de indivíduos (39% do total). As espécies mais importantes foram Pachystroma longifolium (VI = 31,9), Sebastiania nervosa (30,6), Chrysophyllum lucentifolium (11,3), Machaerium pedicellatum (10,5), Guapira opposita (9,9), Philyra brasiliensis (9,9), Capparis flexuosa (9,1), Lonchocarpus virgilioides (8,2), Syagrus romanzoffiana (7,6) e Acosmium lentiscifolium (7,5). O índice de Shannon (H') foi de 3,60 nat.ind.-1 e a equabilidade (J') foi de 0,79. A distribuição espacial das espécies parece estar condicionada às características ecológicas de cada encosta, como resultado de sua orientação. As florestas estudadas apresentaram, em geral, similaridade (Jaccard) muito baixa com outras florestas fluminenses.
Resumo A APA de Massambaba está inserida no Centro de Diversidade Vegetal de Cabo Frio, que se destaca na costa sul-sudeste por sua elevada riqueza de espécies. As restingas, predominantes nessa região, estão sujeitas a estresses ambientais e têm sofrido histórica pressão antrópica. Este trabalho objetivou levantar florística e estruturalmente o estrato herbáceo de uma comunidade arbustiva aberta na APA de Massambaba. O estrato herbáceo foi amostrado através do método de parcelas, totalizando 200 m2. Os parâmetros de frequência e cobertura das espécies foram calculados, assim como os respectivos valores de importância. Os resultados foram comparados com a formação aberta de Clusia (Macaé, RJ), utilizando-se os índices de similaridade de Sorensen (qualitativo e quantitativo), diversidade de Shannon e equabilidade de Pielou. Foram encontradas 33 espécies pertencentes ao estrato herbáceo, que apresentou estrutura oligárquica e as seguintes dominantes: Panicum trinii, Allagoptera arenaria, Vriesea neoglutinosa, Chamaecrista ramosa, Sebastiania glandulosa, Couepia ovalifolia, Diodella apiculata e Cuphea flava. O estrato herbáceo de Jurubatiba foi similar ao de Massambaba (Cs=0,59) e este último apresentou maior diversidade (H'C=2,32 nats/m2).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.