Lapatinib is an oral dual erbB 1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits human EGF receptor 2 (HER2) and blocks the EGF receptor. Studies have shown that in patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer that is resistant to trastuzumab, the addition of lapatinib to capecitabine improves progression-free survival and appears to lengthen overall survival. Furthermore, lapatinib has been studied in patients with involvement of the CNS and has been associated with stable disease and some responses. Its combination with letrozole provided an improvement in progression-free survival compared with single-agent letrozole in women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. More recently, data suggested that the combination of lapatinib with trastuzumab significantly improves overall survival in women with metastatic breast cancer compared with single-agent lapatinib. Current indications in the USA for the use of lapatinib are for the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, both in combination with capecitabine in patients who have received taxane, anthracycline and traztuzumab, and in combination with letrozole for postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor- and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Common side effects of lapatinib include diarrhea and rash. Studies to date have found a less than 2% risk for cardiotoxicity, although most cardiac events that occurred during the studies were not attributed to lapatinib. It is important to consider that most of the patients in existing studies had already been treated with trastuzumab with no significant cardiotoxicity; therefore, future studies will show how trastuzumab-naive patients tolerate lapatinib. Ongoing research is evaluating the role of lapatinib in the adjuvant setting as a single agent or in combination with trastuzumab.
As neoplasias pancreáticas são tumores altamente agressivos e apresentam a detecção precoce e o tratamento cirúrgico como as únicas opções curativas. Dessa forma, trata-se de um tumor com alta recorrência e baixa sobrevida. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo é revisar sobre o manejo do câncer de pâncreas, visto que se trata da neoplasia mais letal do trato gastrointestinal. Métodos: Os bancos de dados Pubmed, Diretrizes e UpToDate foram pesquisados eletronicamente utilizando os descritores Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático e Neoplasias Pancreáticas nos idiomas inglês e português. Discussão e Conclusão: O câncer de pâncreas é altamente letal, sendo a maior parte dos casos diagnosticados tardiamente. Dessa forma, é evidente a necessidade de tecnologias para melhor abordagem terapêutica e, consequentemente, maior sobrevida dos indivíduos. Palavras-chaves Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático, Neoplasias Pancreáticas.
Introdução: As neoplasias pancreáticas são tumores altamente agressivos e apresentam a detecção precoce e o tratamento cirúrgico como as únicas opções curativas. Dessa forma, trata-se de um tumor com alta recorrência e baixa sobrevida. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo é revisar sobre o manejo do câncer de pâncreas, visto que se trata da neoplasia mais letal do trato gastrointestinal. Métodos: Os bancos de dados Pubmed, Diretrizes e UpToDate foram pesquisados eletronicamente utilizando os descritores Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático e Neoplasias Pancreáticas nos idiomas inglês e português. Discussão e Conclusão: O câncer de pâncreas é altamente letal, sendo a maior parte dos casos diagnosticados tardiamente. Dessa forma, é evidente a necessidade de tecnologias para melhor abordagem terapêutica e, consequentemente, maior sobrevida dos indivíduos.
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