Numerous studies examining the portrayals of gender, race, and nationality in sports commentary have been conducted through the years; however, comparative analyses of commentaries from different countries have been rare. This study examined commentary from 3 different countries (the U.S., Chinese Taipei, and South Korea) during a Major League Baseball (MLB) World Series. An entertainment theory schema was adopted and the 3 countries were categorized based on dispositional relativity (affiliation) with MLB. Findings indicate that South Korean broadcasts, which had the lowest affiliation with MLB, were biased toward the Boston Red Sox and presented the most evaluative commentaries; U.S. commentaries were generally positive and contained the largest portion of informative comments; and Chinese commentaries were unbiased and also provided a large number of informative comments. This implies that sports games using the same visual images can be framed differently by commentators based on the disposition (affiliation) level of audiences.

In May 2021, a reauthorization of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) was introduced in the U.S. Senate. This reauthorization substantially amends provisions concerning infants affected by prenatal substance exposure (PSE) and decidedly shifts the policy from a child safety‐ to a public health‐focused approach to achieve the larger goals of healthy and safe child development and caregiver recovery from substance use disorder. Despite its honourable aspirations, no research has tested whether CAPTA “works.” To advance scholarship on this policy, we summarize the service needs for this population and clarify how the CAPTA reauthorization aims to address these needs. We then apply a health utilization theory to understanding the mechanisms of effect on maternal‐child outcomes. Based on this theoretical analysis, we discuss directions for future research.

BACKGROUND: The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act’s provisions concerning hospitalist and child protective services response to infants with prenatal substance exposure (IPSE) were revised in 2016 to address the impact of the opioid epidemic. In 2019, Connecticut unveiled a statewide hospital reporting infrastructure to divert IPSE without safety concerns from CPS using a deidentified notification to CPS and a plan of safe care (POSC). Connecticut is the first state to implement a separate, deidentified notification system. METHODS: We used notification and birth data to determine rates per 1000 births. We employed multinomial logistic regression to understand factors associated with 3 mutually exclusive outcomes: (1) diversion with POSC, (2) report with POSC, or (3) report without POSC. RESULTS: During the first 28 months of policy implementation, hospitalists submitted over 4700 notifications (8% of total Connecticut births). Over three-quarters (79%) of notifications included marijuana exposure, and 21% included opioid exposure. Fewer than 3% included alcohol exposure. Black mothers were disproportionally overrepresented among notifications compared with the state population, and all other race groups underrepresented. Over half of identified IPSE were diverted. Type of substance exposure was the strongest predictor of outcome, controlling for maternal age and race group. CONCLUSIONS: Connecticut Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act diverted IPSE without provider safety concerns away from child protective services. Substance exposure type was associated with the dyad’s outcome at hospital discharge. Nonuniversal screening practices may contribute to racial disproportionality in implementation.