Introduction. Respiratory diseases are widely spread o territories with ambient air contaminated with a mixture of technogenic chemical factors. At present, there hasn’t been enough research on an issue related to combined pathology occurrence in children with chronic respiratory diseases under exposure to harmful technogenic compounds. Material and methods. We have accomplished a profound clinical examination of 216 children aged 5-12 years who lived on a territory with ambient air contaminated with methanol, phenol, formaldehyde, and particulate matter (the test group) and 97 children who lived on a territory which was sanitary and hygienically safe (the reference group). Results. We revealed the long-term aerogenic exposure to particulate matter and organic compounds (methanol, phenol, and formaldehyde) resulted in a combined pathology occurrence. Thus, 81.9% exposed children with chronic respiratory diseases also suffered from functional gastric pathologies; ⅔ children - from nervous system pathologies; 43.5% had secondary immune deficiency; each third child had functional disorders of the heart. Exposed children ran 1.8-2.5 times higher risks of respiratory diseases, biliary dysfunctions, and minor heart defects. Conclusions. We revealed several pathogenetic sections typical for developing combined pathologies in children with chronic respiratory diseases under long-term aerogenic exposure to particulate matter and organic compounds. They were a decrease in superoxide dismutase concentration in blood; lower glutathione-S-transferase contents; lower absolute number of CD25+-lymphocytes; reduced vital capacity of lungs; increased levels of kreatine phosphokinase and ionized calcium in blood; more active parasympathetic vegetative nervous system; all these disiorders were related to methanol, phenol, and formaldehyde concentrations in blood and particulate matter concentrations in ambient air.

Introduction. The modern educational process is characterized by an increase in the educational load, the use of teaching aids, which are not provided for in the regulatory and methodological documents. Violation of the hygienic principles of organizing the education of children at school is the basis for the development of somatic pathology. The aim of the study: hygienic assessment of the educational process in schools with various training programs. Materials and methods. The subject of the research is the organization of the educational process of the first, second and third levels of education in schools with in-depth study of the subjects of the physical and mathematical cycle (Secondary School of Physics and Mathematics) and a typical Secondary School. The questionnaire contained questions for the evaluation of the educational process on the factors “Complexity”, “Time”, “Additional load”. A comparative assessment of the compliance of the educational process in the secondary school of the FMC and the secondary school with the requirements of Sanitary Regulations and Norms (SanPiN) 2.4.2.2821-10 was carried out. Results. In secondary school of Physics and Mathematics, the intensity index of the load by the factor “Difficulty” was 1.8 times more and the ration of students with a high intensity of the educational process by the factor “Time” exceeded by 3 times if compared to the secondary school, and. Every fourth school student of specialized classes attended 2-3 additional education institutions. The shortage of training rooms reached 32%. Established violations in the organization of changes and breaks between shifts, load distribution during the week. The total weekly educational load at the first level of education exceeded the standard values by 20%. The total weekly workload during training at the second and third levels of education in secondary school Physics and Mathematics exceeded indices of secondary school by 1.3-1.4 times. Discussion. When introducing new specialized programs, the actual organization of the educational process does not meet sanitary requirements, which can lead to fatigue and the development of profound and lasting changes in the body of schoolchildren. Conclusion. In the school with in-depth study of subjects, the educational process is more intense. As part of the control and supervision activities in general education organizations of the innovative type, it is necessary to pay special attention to meeting the requirements of section X of Sanitary Regulations and Norms (SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10).

Introduction. High loads, intensification of education, characterize the modern educational process and contribute to the negative dynamics of the health indices of modern schoolchildren. The aim of the study is to investigate the features of the autonomous and thyroid status of schoolchildren exposed to the different intensity of the educational process. Material and methods. The objects of the study were schoolchildren with the different intensity of the educational process, students of schools. Hygienic evaluation of the educational process was carried out taking into account the requirements of Sanitary Regulations and Norms 2.4.2.2821-10. The data analysis of the survey, laboratory studies, electrocardiography, cardiointervalography and ultrasound scanning of the thyroid gland was performed. Results. The reduction of the duration of small changes, the excess of the volume of daily and weekly academic load up to 20.0% with a comparative hygienic assessment of the educational process regimes, in schools with an in-depth study of the subjects of the physical and mathematical cycle. Characterized by a large expenditure of time on homework, shorter sleep, high involvement in the additional educational process for students of specialized schools. Arrhythmias were by 1.7 times more common in students of the physical and mathematical school. Relative risk increased by 4.6 times. The activity of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system was found to be elevated in 50% of schoolchildren enrolled in an in-depth program. Violations of the volume and structure of the thyroid gland occurred up to 2.6 times more often. The relative risk of activating the synthesis of antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase was higher by 5.7 times. Relationships are established between the blood level of cortisol and the frequency of registration of arrhythmias, the degree of activation of antibody production, the parameters of the thyroid gland. Discussion. The obtained data are consistent with the results of domestic studies and can serve as the basis for expanding the list of studies during preventive medical examinations of minors. Conclusion. In educational institutions with in-depth study of the subjects of the physical and mathematical cycle, the educational process is more intensive, which leads to the activation of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, an increase in the risk of developing autonomic dysfunctions, arrhythmias, and thyroid status disorders.

Introduction. The actual nutrition of primary school students in the organization of public catering with the provision of three diet options for breakfast, which differed in price and range of meals has been analyzed. Material and methods. The survey included the organized nutrition assessment of students according to 36 menu plans using the individual weight method (5960 portions). Food parcel of daily diet has been analyzed according to 149 food diaries. Results. Nutrient content and energy value of the meal in actually consumed rations is 1.7-3.4 times lower than the information presented in the menu and 2.0-2.7 times lower than the average need for nutrients. By comparing three options of ration it was established that the standard breakfast (cost up to 50 rubles) is the scarcest (37%-87%) according to the actual level of nutrients and energy value consuming by students. The alternative breakfast containing additional salads, fish and meat dish, pasta, pastry and bakery products is the most completed according to the consumption of food substances. In the analysis of daily rations of students by food logs, a decrease in the consumption of fish, rye bread, dairy products, eggs, vegetables is established while increasing the consumption level of chicken, pasta, and pastry. Conclusion. The data of the current study testify to the inconsistency between the calculated data of menu plans and actual levels of nutrients incoming with diet, which deficit accouts for 59-87%. The actual consumption of food substances from school breakfasts increases when is accompanied by an alternative menu. It is necessary to improve the control systems for catering in children’s collectives, to use modern models of the student service organization and to form the right stereotypes of food behavior.

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