There was executed a 6-years cohort study of 65 children divided into an observation group comprising of 45 cases residing in the conditions of atmosphere air contaminated by a complex of chemical substances of technogenic origin (suspended solids, phenol, formaldehyde), and a comparative group (20 children) from the area with beneficiary sanitary-hygienic conditions. In conditions of the impact of these chemical substances in children reaching of the age of 7-10 years the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and vegetative disorders was established to increase by 1.2-1.9 times, and the risk of getting sick with bronchial asthma is growing by more than twice; by 11-14 years the risk of spreading of allergic rhinitis is additionally growing by 1.4 times against the background of the decreasing in the probability of forming of chronic lympho-proliferative processes of nasopharynx and secondary immunodeficiency. The frequency of the development of vegetative dysfunctions increases twice over the 6 years period in children residing in conditions of persistent aerogenous combined impact of suspended solids, phenol and formaldehyde.

Introduction. Respiratory diseases are widely spread o territories with ambient air contaminated with a mixture of technogenic chemical factors. At present, there hasn’t been enough research on an issue related to combined pathology occurrence in children with chronic respiratory diseases under exposure to harmful technogenic compounds. Material and methods. We have accomplished a profound clinical examination of 216 children aged 5-12 years who lived on a territory with ambient air contaminated with methanol, phenol, formaldehyde, and particulate matter (the test group) and 97 children who lived on a territory which was sanitary and hygienically safe (the reference group). Results. We revealed the long-term aerogenic exposure to particulate matter and organic compounds (methanol, phenol, and formaldehyde) resulted in a combined pathology occurrence. Thus, 81.9% exposed children with chronic respiratory diseases also suffered from functional gastric pathologies; ⅔ children - from nervous system pathologies; 43.5% had secondary immune deficiency; each third child had functional disorders of the heart. Exposed children ran 1.8-2.5 times higher risks of respiratory diseases, biliary dysfunctions, and minor heart defects. Conclusions. We revealed several pathogenetic sections typical for developing combined pathologies in children with chronic respiratory diseases under long-term aerogenic exposure to particulate matter and organic compounds. They were a decrease in superoxide dismutase concentration in blood; lower glutathione-S-transferase contents; lower absolute number of CD25+-lymphocytes; reduced vital capacity of lungs; increased levels of kreatine phosphokinase and ionized calcium in blood; more active parasympathetic vegetative nervous system; all these disiorders were related to methanol, phenol, and formaldehyde concentrations in blood and particulate matter concentrations in ambient air.

Our research goal was to assess health risks for population who consumed drinking water with specific chemical structure systematically and for a long time. Drinking water quality is determined by conditions existing in hydrogeochemical provinces where rocks and soils contain increased concentrations of such hazardous metals as chromium, nickel, lead, manganese, and iron. We showed that low frequency or even absence of nonconformity to hygienic standards for admixtures in drinking water doesn't fully guarantee its safety in complicated hydrogeochemical conditions. When certain carcinogenic admixtures (cadmium, chromium, nickel, arsenic, and lead) occur together in drinking water even in low concentrations, it can cause unacceptable population health risks. Drinking water taken in examined geochemical provinces in Perm region causes individual lifelong carcinogenic risk which is (under the worst exposure scenarios) equal to 4 • 10-3. It can be ranked as De manifestis Risk and requires immediate measures to be taken by those responsible to reduce it. Unacceptable non-carcinogenic risks are caused by joint concentrations of arsenic, strontium, and some other compounds in drinking water. The highest risks existing on the examined territories were detected in relation to gastrointestinal tract diseases (HI up to 10.9, basic risk factor is chromium and its compounds), musculoskeletal system diseases (HI up to 11.8, strontium as a basic factor), and central nervous system diseases (HI up to 11.8, basic factors are arsenic, manganese, and lead). Contributions made by various elements into overall risks were different in different provinces. In some cases, when a certain element occurs in the crust in hazardous concentrations, its contents in drinking water are not observed. We recommend organizations that deal with water supply and sanitary surveillance bodies to take into account peculiarities of a geochemical province and to include admixtures that are contained in the environment in high quantities into monitoring programs and laboratory research.

We conducted a cohort study which included 144 children who were divided into 3 groups. The test group A was made up of 47 children who lived on a territory where ambient air was contaminated with benzene, phenol, formaldehyde, and particulate matter. The test group B included 45 children exposed to aerogenic introduction of metals (vanadium and manganese). The reference group was made up of 22 children who lived on a territory which was safe in terms of its sanitary-hygienic state. It was detected that 87.2 % children aged 4-6 who were exposed to aerogenic impacts by benzene, phenol, formaldehyde, and particulate matter had allergic rhinitis, and two thirds of children with respiratory organs diseases had secondary immune failure. By the first school year, probability of allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, recurrent bronchitis and functional pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract grew by 4.6-7.9 times. When children reached 11-14 years, frequency of chronic diseases in the gastrointestinal tract among them grew by 14.5 times, and probability of secondary immune failure and disorders in the vegetative nervous system was 6.0-6.6 times higher. It was noted that ambient air contamination with metals resulted in chronic diseases in the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx diagnosed in 65.8 % children; children who were exposed to metals in ambient air ran 1.9 times higher risks of combined pathologies in their respiratory organs and the nervous system. When children reached 7-10 years, probability of allergic rhinitis, pathologies in the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx, and functional disorders in the digestive system was 3.9-5.3 times higher. Senior schoolchildren who suffered from chronic respiratory organs diseases ran 2.7-3.0 times higher risks of vegetative dystonia and secondary immune failure.