1Studying the ability to control human phantom fingers in P300 brain-computer interface Изучение возможности управления отдельными пальцами фантома кисти руки человека в контуре интерфейса мозг-компьютер на волне P300 В исследовании проверяли предположение, что в контуре предложенного комплекса интерфейса мозг-компьютер на основе волны Р300 (ИМК-Р300) и антропоморфного фантома кисти руки человек сможет управлять сгибанием целе-вого пальца фантома, произвольно фокусируя свое внимание на расположенном на этом пальце световом маркере. Поскольку каждое правильное срабатывание пальцев фантома будет свидетельствовать о достаточной выраженно-сти направленных на это действие мысленных усилий, открывается перспектива создания на этой основе идеомотор-ного тренажера мелких движений кисти. В качестве испытуемых-добровольцев были задействованы 21 человек обоих полов в возрасте 18-25 лет. Было показано, что испытуемые действительно уже в первый экспериментальный день приобретали навык управления пальцами фантома руки в контуре ИМК-Р300 с надежностью не менее 69 % успешных попыток. При этом основные ошибки управления были связаны с недостаточной концентрацией внимания на сигналах светового маркера целевых пальцев фантома. Сделано предположение, что разработанный комплекс «ИМК-Р300 -Фантом кисти» может послужить основой для создания тренажера мелкой моторики кисти.In this work we have tested the assumption that an individual can control a target finger of a phantom by voluntarily focusing his attention on the luminous marker located on that finger in the complex of a P300 wave-based brain-computer interface (P300 BCI) and an anthropomorphic phantom. Because each correct movement of phantom fingers indicates a sufficient mental effort aimed at this action, creating a new ideomotor training simulator of smaller movements of the hand becomes possible. Our study included 21 volunteer subjects of both sexes aged 18-25. It was shown that with P300 BCI complex the subjects learned to control phantom fingers on the first day of the experiment, the percentage of successful attempts being no less than 69 %. Failures were mainly related to the insufficient attention focus on luminous markers on the target phantom fingers. We hypothesize that P300 BCI -Hand Phantom complex can be a basis for developing a fine motor skills simulator.Keywords: brain-computer interface, BCI, electroencephalogram, neurorehabilitation, stroke, evoked potentials, P300Ключевые слова: интерфейс мозг-компьютер, ИМК, электроэнцефалограмма, нейрореабилитация, инсульт, вызван-ные потенциалы, P300
Background. A number of studies have been done on detection of human visual attention focus by means of P300 brain-computer interfaces (BCI). However, the performance of interfaces on P300 is still low, since this technique requires the repeated presentation of target and non-target stimuli. There are some indications that it is appropriate to use ensembles of classifiers to improve the accuracy of recognition of multidimensional objects. The goal of the present study was to verify the feasibility of application of ensembles of classifiers to speed up the work of the BCI P300. Methods. The study involved 22 subjects, whose task was to closely monitor the highlights of target objects on the computer screen, presented as 8 triangles located in a circle (angle of 7.7 degrees). Single classifiers and ensembles of classifiers based on linear discriminant of Fisher were used to detect the target responses in the EEG. Results. The use of the ensemble of classifiers provided almost the same accuracy of algorithmic choice of target reactions, EEG in 78-80%, as compared with the use of single classifiers, but with two times smaller number of repetitions of the test stimuli and, therefore, faster detection of the target reactions of the EEG. Conclusions. This work implies that the P300 BCI with the participation of the ensemble of classifiers can be used to build high-speed communication systems for both the stroke patients and healthy people in special circumstances for additional alarm at the inability to use speech.
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