Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in Ukraine. Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the most common diseases and a leading risk factor for coronary artery disease. The aim of the work is to evaluate the antianginal activity of meldonium in the complex therapy in patients with CAD with stable angina and concomitant AH. Materials and methods. The study included 82 patients with CAD, stable angina pectoris II–III functional class, including 52 patients with concomitant AH stage II. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients in group 1 were prescribed meldonium at a dose of 750 mg/d for 2 months in addition to basic therapy for the underlying disease. Patients in group 2 continued basic antianginal, disaggregant, hypolipidemic therapy. Results. The use of meldonium led to a decrease in the frequency of angina attacks and the need for nitroglycerin. From the 1st month of therapy and up to 2 months treatment decreased it consumption by 63 and 82.3 % respectively. Adding meldonium to basic therapy led to a likely reduction in shortness of breath, episodes of palpitations, tinnitus, and headache. In all patients, after the treatment, an increase in exercise tolerance was observed, which was more pronounced in the group where patients were receiving meldonium. In the group of patients receiving meldonium, normalisation of blood pressure was faster and more pronounced. Conclusions. Meldonium has antianginal activity, which is manifested by an increase in the physical tolerance of patients, a decrease in the frequency of angina attacks, the need for sublingual nitroglycerin intake and improvement in the well-being of patients. Additional use of meldonium promotes faster and better normalization of blood pressure. The use of meldonium in the complex therapy of patients with stable angina and concomitant AH allows to increase the effectiveness of traditional antianginal therapy and to improve the quality of life of such patients.
Резюме. Розглянуті результати власного дослідження. Мета аналіз психологічних, методичних та якісних показників академічної освіти, визначення основних проблем у навчанні англомовних студентів. Методи дослідження. Теоретичні: аналіз, синтез, узагальнення теоретичних напрацювань з досліджуваної проблеми; емпіричні: вибіркове скринінгове дослідження шляхом анонімного авторського анкетування. Вибірка емпіричного дослідження, яке проводилося у 2018−2019рр. склала 82 студенів 5-го та 6-го курсів. Аналізували мотиваційну, психологічну, морально-етичну, комунікаційну, навчально-методичну складову, рівень самоорганізації у навчанні, самооцінювання знань з позиції студента. Анкета складалася з 22 запитань, в тому числі 7 відкритих. Більшість англомовних студентів є мотивованими на навчання, знають свій потенціал, цілі і критично оцінюють досягнені результати. Ціннісним для них є практичне спрямування в опануванні медицини, вони потребують додаткових роз’яснень, дискусії та відточування практичних навичок. Для третини першорядним є психологічний клімат на занятті, професіоналізм викладача і його дружнє вимогливе ставлення. Більше половини шкодують, що недостатньо володіють українською мовою, а це обмежує їх можливості до практичної роботи з пацієнтами. Опитані визнали, що 12% студентів 5-6 року навчання не орієнтовані та не мотивовані на освітній процес навчання у медичному ЗВО та не володіють навиками відповідними навиками. Проте, навіть при недостатньому рівні володінні англійською мовою, та при невисокому рівні базових знань, можна досягнути середнього і навіть високого рівня професійних знань. Визначальним є мотивація, наполегливість та активна взаємодія з тим, хто навчає. І навіть достатня базова підготовка та вхідні високі компетентності в англомовному спілкуванні при низькій мотивації не принесуть успіху у навчанні.
Introduction. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the main causes of high mortality, disability and reduced quality of life for patients in both Europe and Ukraine. Modern drug therapy of coronary heart disease in combination with arterial hypertension (AH) does not always achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect. The use of meldonium, which has antioxidant properties, has a positive effect on NO release and has a lipid-lowering effect is promising for patients with AH. The aim of the study. To evaluate the influence of meldonium on lipid metabolism and echocardiography parameters in combination therapy in patients with CHD with stable angina and concomitant AH. Materials and methods. We examined 66 patients with CHD, stable angina pectoris II-III functional class, 40 of them with concomitant AH stage II-III. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 40 and 26 patients, respectively. The first group included patients with CHD and concomitant AH, the second - without pre-existing hypertension. Each of the groups was further divided into 2 subgroups: 1) Patients who were prescribed meldonium at a dose of 750.0 mg/d for 6 months in addition to the basic therapy of the underlying disease (n = 20 for CHD + AH and n = 14 for CHD without hypertension). 2) Patients who continued basic antianginal, disaggregating, hypolipidemic therapy (n = 20 for CHD + AH and n = 12 for CHD without hypertension). Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were assessed. Indicators of cardiac hemodynamics were determined by echocardiography with assessment of left ventricular end systolic and diastolic volumes and diameters (LVESV, LVEDV, LVESD, LVEDD respectively), the thickness of the interventricular septum and posterior wall of the left ventricle (IVST, LVPWT respectively), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), LV myocardial mass (LVM) and LV myocardial mass index (LVMI). Results. The use of meldonium for 6 months in patients with CHD and concomitant AH led to a decrease in the concentration of total cholesterol from 5.07 to 4.34 mmol/l and LDL from 2.07 to 1.70 mmol/l. In the group of patients without concomitant hypertension there was a decrease in the concentration of total cholesterol from 4.80 to 3.93 mmol/l, LDL from 1.62 to 1.18 mmol/l and an increase in HDL from 1.18 to 1.37 mmol/l. At 6-month administration of meldonium as a part of combination therapy of patients with CHD with concomitant AH, there is a decrease in LVM from 216.90 g to 181.50 g and LVMI from 109.10 g/m2 up to 91.20 g/m2. In patients without concomitant hypertension, a decrease in LVM from 232,20 g to 183.90 g and LVMI from 121.50 g/m2 to 96.40 g/m2 was observed. Conclusions. Our study showed that meldonium has a positive effect on lipid metabolism and echocardiography. In the group of patients with coronary heart disease and concomitant hypertension on the background of additional use of meldonium for six months, we registered a decrease in TC, LDL and AI. LVPWT, PAP, LVM and LVMI also significantly decreased. In the group of patients with coronary heart disease without concomitant hypertension, we registered a decrease in TC, LDL, AI and an increase in HDL. LVM and LVMI also decreased significantly. Therefore, we consider it appropriate to use meldonium in the complex treatment of patients with coronary heart disease with stable angina and concomitant hypertension. Keywords: coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, meldonium, echocardiography, blood lipid spectrum.
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