The DM levels in total mixed rations were maintained at 62.7, 52.8, and 45.8% by incorporating 38% of the DM from alfalfa silages of twi different DM contents into the ration to determine the effect on milk production and composition when fed to lactating Holstein cows. The alfalfa silages were stored at approximately 25 and 50% DM and harvested from the same field on consecutive days either direct-cut and bagged or wilted overnight before bagging. Silages were used (minimum of 8.5 kg of Dm/d) in a total mixed ration formulated to be isonitrogenous (using cottonseed meal) and isocaloric and fed to 144 lactating cows randomly allotted into three equal groups based on days in milk (initially 33 d), lactation number, and pretrial 3.5% FCM production. Yields of 3.5% FCM were 35.3, 35.7 and 35.4 kg, respectively, for the dry, intermediate, and wet rations and were not significantly different. Consumption of DM tended to decline as DM content of the ration decreased, but the decrease was not significant. Results showed that total mixed ration moisture levels evaluated in this trial had no significant effects on consumption of DM of isonitrogenous rations or milk yield and composition.

Sixty high producing Holstein cows (15/treatment) averaging 157 d postpartum were offered the following diets: high protein (18.5%), high rumen degradability (60%); high protein (18.0%), medium degradability (41%); medium protein (15.4%), high degradability (61%); medium protein (15.0%), medium degradability (46%). All diets contained 32% corn silage, 15% alfalfa haylage, and 10% whole cottonseed. Degradabilities were determined by the ficin method and were lowered by replacing soybean meal with meat and bone meal and brewers dried grains. Cows were milked three times daily and the study was conducted from May 11 to June 23 in Provo, UT during ascending day temperatures but cool nights. Milk yields were not different for the respective treatments (36.9, 35.4, 34.8, and 36.7 kg/d), but milk fat was higher at high protein degradability: 3.11, 2.89, 3.04, 2.78%, respectively, resulting in a tendency toward higher FCM. Lower acetate and propionate and acetate:propionate ratios were observed for medium degradability diets and were consistent with lower milk fat. Rumen NH3, butyrate, valerate, isovalerate, 2-methyl butyrate, and blood urea N were higher for cows on high protein diets but were not affected by degradability. Serum glucose and cortisol were not significantly affected by protein treatment, but serum triiodothyronine was lower on high protein; the interaction effect for thyroxine was significant.

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Political behavior, like all human behavior, can be studied using the S–O–R paradigm, where S is a particular stimulus, 0 is the human organism, and R is a response or behavior (cf. Tursky, Lodge, and Cross, 1976). Here at the Laboratory for Behavioral Research at Stony Brook we are currently conducting research projects that investigate each of these components of the paradigm and the interactions among them. Before reviewing these projects, however, I will briefly describe our laboratory facilities.

This forum will host a discussion among the panelists -and with the audience -on key trends in information technology, as well as on industry and government problems in search of technology solutions. The panel will focus on the core problems inherent in integrating structured and unstructured textual information, moving from applicationcentric to user-centric software, and merging knowledge management with data management.