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The Aral Sea Area is the stage of one of the most staggering man-made environmental disasters. The Aral Sea, once the fourth-largest inland body of water, is reduced to half its size and one-third of its volume as a result of overirrigation and cotton monoculture. Overirrigation also creates increasing soil salinity and degradation of drinking water sources. While the consequences for ecology and agriculture have been extensively researched, relatively little research is devoted to the public health consequences of the Aral Sea disaster. Of the health effects, high rates of urinary tract diseases in the Aral Sea Area are frequently mentioned. Urologic diseases were specified as the most problematic groups of pathology for this territory, with the tendency to increasing during the period for last several years. Kidney and urinary tract diseases have special interest for studying the existence of an environmental effect, in this case the impact of water quality on human health in the Aral Sea Area. Among the problems frequently mentioned are the high level of total dissolved solids and total hardness in the potable water. The epidemiological study has been conducted with regard to the diseases of the urinary tract in order to better understanding the most important environmental health problems of the population of h s area. A study of the association between the water quality and diseases of the kidney and urinary tract is necessary for assessment of the contribution of environmental causes to the morbidity that is necessary for recommending of grounded preventive strategies.

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