Іntroduction: Nowadays, during formation and development of medicine, the main sector of health care is the protection of maternity and childhood. According to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system make up 60-65% of all gynecological diseases, among them inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries is 79,6%, which occurs predominantly at young age. The aim is to study the microscopic structure of the oviducts wall in different anatomical parts during the embryonic period of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: Were studied uterine tubes of the 4-10 months’ embryos. We used a light microscopy method and morphometry to describe the peculiarities of oviducts’ infundibulum, isthmus and ampullary part in fetus from 81 mm to 375 mm PCL. Results: The histotopography of the oviducts tunics and its parts (infundibulum, ampullary part, isthmus and uterine part) in the fetal period of ontogenesis is described in the article. The thickness of the oviduct wall in the dynamics of the fetal period increases in the direction from the infundibulum to the uterine part of the tube. The main part of the thickness of the oviduct wall is presented by muscles. The thickness of the circumferential muscle layer predominates over the thickness of the longitudinal in 2.5-2.8 times. Mucosa is thicker the isthmus, thinnest in the ampullary part of the uterine tube. Conclusions: The thickness of the infants oviduct wall in the dynamics increases in the direction from its infundibulum to the uterine part. The main part of the thickness of the oviduct wall is the tunica muscularis. The thickness of the circular muscle layer predominates the thickness of the longitudinal 2.5-2.8 times. Mucosa is thicker in the isthmus, the thinnest in the ampullary part. It is expedient to study the histotopography of the oviduct in the neonatal period of human ontogenesis.

The process of conducting the educational process of “Histology, cytology and embryology” subject in a medical university during ongoing aggressive war includes psychological, legal and organizational components, where the focus for this fundamental theoretical subject should be made on high-quality digital tools, constant monitoring of feedback and maintenance of all participants of the educational process in safe conditions. The purpose of this work is to highlight main changes and innovations during the distant educational process in “Histology, cytology and embryology” discipline for medical students of the 1st and 2nd years. The studies in February-June 2022 period were held remotely, using the experience of organizing practical, lecture and modular classes under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The peculiarities of conducting remote classes during active military operations were, first of all, maintaining constant contact with each member of the academic group, obtaining up-to-date information about their location, health conditions and the availability of technical opportunities to attend classes. Taking into account air alarms of different durations, being in relative proximity to active hostilities and technical malfunctions of power grids in certain regions, the duration of practical, lecture and module classes could change, or be transferred to a time that is relevant for the teacher and the group. Conducting and discussing theoretical content of topics for Ukrainian- and English-speaking medical students of the 1st and 2nd years was carried out on the “Google Meet” platform using the interactive “Jam” board and the broadcast of visual material through the teacher’s access. Tasks in the form of multiple-choice questions, situational clinical cases, electronic microphotographs and flash cards have been used. It was high-quality digital materials of histological preparations, obtained from the existing material base of the department, that served as a basis for studying the microscopic structure of tissues and differentiation of the cellular composition of those in various types of organs. It is important to note that maintaining a high-quality educational process in wartime is not only a guarantee of the formation of a conscious generation of medical professionals, but also the maintenance of the academic front of the country in wartime.

Background: An automatic massage produces health improving effects. After a single automatic massage, patients admit a feeling of invigoration, and a sense of relaxation. Some quantitative characteristics of physical effects produced by the automatic massage on the body, including the work of a heart were unavailable at that moment. Objective: This study aims to find a quantitative impact of periodic low frequency mechanical vibrations on the relative change in a heart stroke volume. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, the patients were exposed to the low frequency (12 Hz) planar mechanical vibrations. The blood pressures were measured before and after the automatic massage. Based on the measured values in the arterial blood pressure, a relative change in a stroke volume (SV) in patients was calculated. Results: The increased systolic blood pressure was 6.3±2.0 mm Hg in women and 11.1±2.7 mm Hg in men. The increased diastolic pressure was 1.9±1.2 mm Hg in women, and 4.9±1.5 mm Hg in men. The minor increase in heart rate for women was 1.2±1.0 beats per minute, and 1.2±2.0 beats per minute for men. The assessment of stroke volume changes provided 9.6% and 7.1% increase during systole and diastole in male patients, respectively, and corresponding 6.7% and 4.7% increases for female patients. Conclusion: The results of our work confirmed an increase in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures under the influence of periodic mechanical vibration of low frequency. We believe that the registered increase in blood pressure is a proof of the increase in a stroke volume (SV).

The article provides data on the anatomical features of temporomandibular joint in the second trimester of fetal development, certain methods of anatomy, morphometry and craniometry. The glenoid fossa in fetuses aged 4-6 months was found to be flat. The bone substance in the glenoid fossa is thin. One can see the development of the elements of the synovial membrane in the articular capsule. In the lower and upper parts of the articular cavity, the folds and ligaments of the connective tissue plate are identified, and the capillaries grow into the synovial membrane. In some places there are connective tissue membranes between the surfaces of the temporal bone and the articular disk, the articular disk and the head of mandible. Macroscopically, the articular disk has a dense structure, it is arranged between the articular surfaces, from the back surface of the articular disk to the inner surface of the articular capsule the taenia of the connective tissue is identified. Anteriorly, the articular disk is attached in the area of the future articular tubercle. The right and lefts temporomandibular joint are of the same size. In the dynamics of the second trimester of intrauterine development, the temporomandibular joint is characterized by the presence of a flat glenoid fossa and the absence of an articular tubercle. An increase in all craniometric indices is observed, indicating an increase in the total bone mass of the skull and an increase in the size of the temporomandibular joint.

ТОПОГРАФОАНАТОМІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СКРОНЕВО-НИЖНЬОЩЕЛЕПНОГО СУГ-ЛОБА В ТРЕТЬОМУ ТРИМЕСТРІ ВНУТРІШНЬОУТРОБНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТА НОВОНАРО-ДЖЕНИХ Резюме. Незважаючи на певний прогрес та інтенсивний розвиток стоматологічних технологій, досі існує безліч нез'ясованих питань щодо будови елементів зубощелепної системи. Аномалії розвитку скронево-нижньощелепного суглоба сприяють змінам обрису або розвитку деформації лиця, дегенерації або гіпертрофії жувальних та мімічних м'язів, порушують ковтальні та жувальні рухи, прикус або оклюзію. Дослідження проведено на 19 препаратах плодів 301,0-450,0 мм тім'яно-п'яткової довжини та 6 препаратах новонароджених методами морфометрії та краніометрії, макро-та мікропрепарування, комп'ютерної томографії та статистичного аналізу. Більшість морфометричних параметрів у динаміці третього триместру зростає рівномірно. Інтенсивніше збільшуються окружність голови-на 28-му, 29му та 30-му тижнях; довжина черепа-на 28-му, 29-му та 35-му тижнях; біпарієтальний діаметр-на 30-31-му та 35-36-му тижнях. Більшість краніометричних параметрів у новонароджених збільшуються рівномірно. Дещо інтенсивніше збільшується окружність голови на 38-му тижні. У новонароджених скронево-нижньощелепний суглоб набуває дефінітивних рис будови, характеризується наявністю незначно ввігнутої суглобової ямки та вираженого суглобового горбика. В ранньому неонатальному періоді спостерігається збільшення всіх краніометричних показників, що свідчить про нарощування загальної кісткової маси черепа, нижньої щелепи та збільшення розмірів скронево-нижньощелепного суглоба. Подальше вивчення скронево-нижньощелепний суглоба сприятиме верифікації даних отриманих шляхом УЗД, КТ, МРТ, а також може слугувати підґрунтям для визначення критичних періодів в розвитку лицевої ділянки черепа плода людини. Ключові слова: скронево-нижньощелепний суглоб; третій триместр; новонароджені; анатомія.