Fine-needle biopsy with helical CT guidance is accurate for the histopathologic evaluation of renal masses without morbidity. Indications are renal lesions that do not have the typical radiologic features of RCC, Bosniak category III or IV cystic lesions, and locally advanced or metastatic RCC.

Study Type – Therapy (individual cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer has a poor prognosis. Nowadays, there is no consensus about the best adjuvant treatment after radical prostatectomy when seminal vesicle invasion is observed in the specimen. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study between different adjuvant treatments after radical prostatectomy when seminal vesicle invasion is observed in the specimen. OBJECTIVE • To evaluate the biochemical‐failure free survival according to different adjuvant treatments in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). PATIENTS AND METHODS • Between 1994 and 2008, 4090 men underwent RP in nine centres. Of these, 310 men had a SVI. • Exclusion criteria were: detectable postoperative prostate‐specific antigen, lymph node metastases and follow‐up <18 months. • Therefore, the study group included 199 patients. Of these, 41 received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) only, 26 received adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) only, 50 received adjuvant ADT combined with RT and 82 were monitored. The endpoint for this analysis was biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED). • Preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level, specimen Gleason score, age, clinical stage, surgical margin status and adjuvant treatment were evaluated in a multivariable analysis with respect to bNED survival. RESULTS • After a mean (range) follow‐up of 60.3 (18–185) months, 88 (44.2%) patients had a biochemical relapse. • The estimated 5‐ and 7‐year bNED survival were 32.6% and 25.9% for the observation group, 44.4% and 28.6% for the RT only group, 48.4% and 32.3% for the ADT only group and 82.8% and 62.1% for the adjuvant ADT combined with RT group. • On multivariate analysis, only adjuvant ADT combined with RT (P < 0.001) was an independent prognostic factor of biochemical relapse. CONCLUSIONS • RP appeared to be insufficient as a single treatment for patients with SVI. • The findings of the present study suggest that adjuvant ADT combined with RT after RP for patients with SVI confers a substantial benefit on 5‐year bNED survival.

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