We report a case of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in a 7-day old neonate. Because the hospital water, and particularly the pool water for water birthing, was contaminated by L. pneumophila serogroup 1, the newborn was infected following prolonged delivery in contaminated water, perhaps by aspiration. This is the first case of nosocomial Legionella pneumonia in neonate after water birth.

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Procalcitonin is a specific marker of severe bacterial infections with systemic inflammation. Quantitative evaluation of serum procalcitonin was performed in 140 patients with Legionella pneumonia. Positive values (>0.5 ng/mL) were found in 57.1% of the subjects. The positive sample rate was higher in early sera (73.9% in the first week) and decreased progressively. Mean values and the positive sample rate (69.8%) were higher in sera collected in the first 2 weeks of disease. Procalcitonin was positive in 86.7% of legionellosis cases confirmed by culture and mean positive values were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those of culture-negative subjects. We conclude that procalcitonin can represent a useful prognostic marker for severe suspected Legionella pneumonia in the first 2 weeks of disease.

Helicobacter pylori strains, isolated from 100 gastric biopsies from 49 previously untreated adult patients with endoscopy and histology-confirmed gastric or duodenal ulcer, were tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. Strains were isolated from biopsies of 75.5% (37 of 49) patients before therapy and of 13.5% after therapy. Clarithromycin and amoxicillin susceptibility testing was performed on pretreatment and posttreatment strains by using the agar disk diffusion method and E-test, a quantitative technique for the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. All strains (n = 53) were susceptible to amoxicillin by the two methods. Three strains of 34 (8.8%) patients were resistant to clarithromycin: two by both methods and one by E-test (MIC > 2 microg/ml). E-test, although more expensive than the disk diffusion method, is easy to perform and is a reliable method for testing H. pylori susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in the clinical microbiology laboratory.