[1] 44 Ti and 26 Al activities and heavy nuclei tracks produced by cosmic rays have been measured in 19 stone meteorites that fell during the period 1766 to 2001. The gamma activity measurements of cosmogenic isotopes were performed using a highly specific and selective large volume Ge-NaI (Tl) spectrometer. The 44 Ti activity, corrected for the target element abundances and shielding effects, shows a decrease of about 43% over the past 235 years. Superimposed on this declining trend, the 44 Ti activity shows a centennial oscillation. The variations in 44 Ti activity are related to changes in cosmic ray intensity caused by heliospheric magnetic field modulation in the interplanetary space between heliocentric distances of 1 and 3 AU. Using the relations between solar open magnetic flux, modulation parameter, and galactic cosmic ray flux, we have calculated the variation in production rates of 44 Ti in meteorites back to about 1700 AD. We show that the measured 44 Ti activity in meteorites over the past 235 years and the calculated production rates are in agreement. Our results are consistent in phase and magnitude with doubling of the solar open magnetic field intensity over the past century. The data also imply that the centennial scale oscillation deduced by 44 Ti is in phase with Gleissberg solar cycle, but its amplitude is larger than expected from the calculated cosmic ray flux.

Illpreservatives senes, and the eye drops revealed a strong positive reactiOn to Visum1dnatic fenilefnna® eye drops, wh1ch had been used at the time of the first ophthalmic exammatwn. These eye drops contam: trop1cam1de 0.5%, phenylephrme hydrochlonde 10%, sodium metab1sulfite 0.1 %, thwmersal 0.01% and water.The patch tests w1th these compounds revealed a strong positive reactiOn to phenylephnne hydrochlonde 5% pet. (supplied by Firma Diagent, Florence, Italy). Discuss1onWe report th1s case to pomt out the Importance of patch testmg all patients w1th conJunctiVItiS when the condition does not Improve desp1te correct ophthalmologic prescnptwn.When an ophthamologist suspects an allergrc reaction, he usually elimmates the offending drug and switches to another without performmg a diagnostic patch test. The nsk IS clearly demonstrated m our case, where one of the eye drops prescribed to cure the condition actually contamed the responsible allergen at low concentration, and was the cause of the progressiOn of contact dermatitis.Although It would appear that contact dermatitis to phenylephrme IS rare, no studies exist utilizmg patch tests for diagnostic purposes with phenylephnne-contammg eye drops on patients with ophthalmological disturbances after pupillary dilatation. Although the correct phenylephrme concentration for patch test purposes needs to be assessed, m our case, th1s drug provided a positive patch test reaction at 5% pet. MathiaS et aL (1) only obtamed a pos1t1ve reactwn usmg a 10% aq. solutwn, whereas the 5% and 1% concentratiOns gave negative results. Our case mdicates that close cooperation between ophthalmologist and dermatologist 1s reqmred when an allergic reaction to eye drops IS suspected.Rhodium IS a metal belongmg to the platmum group and the ruthemum tnad: density 12.4, atom1c werght 102.94, atomic number 45. It rs extracted from natural platinum and denves 1ts name from the pmk colour of some of 1ts compounds. It has a very h1gh melting pomt (1966°C) and IS res1stant to aqua reg1a and oxrdiser meltmg. Industnally, rhodium IS used m an alloy with platinum for thermocouples, as a catalyst m the mtrogen oxide combustion of ammoma, and for the rhodium plating of metals (e.g., silver). In the jewelry trade, a rhodium salt (usually hexachlororhodiate) 1s used to sandwrch 2 different metals together m an electrogalvamc bath. It IS also of mterest to allergologists, smce It IS one of the few metals considered safe, no cases of sensrtisation havmg been reported. Indeed, certam precwus metals (e.g., silver) are rhodium-plated so that they can be used by people sens1tised to mckel and cobalt. Case ReportA 47-year-old goldsmith cleaned and degreased preces of metal and rhodium-plated them m an electrogalvamc bath usmg a hexachlororhodiate solution. For about a year, he had had dermatitis on the s1des and back of h1s fingers and on the front of his wnsts. The dermatitis was chrome and recurrent, Improvmg when he was off work.Standard ICDRG patch tests and 0.1% gold chlonde m water, 0. I% hexachlororhodiat...

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract