Summary
Studler‐Cornish chickens aged 15 and 30 days were exposed to slight hypothermia (12 ± 1 °C, 7 h per day, for 15 days). Food intake was not influenced, but cold‐exposure enhanced the elimination and decreased the assimilation of some nutrients and in the younger group it induced depletion of energy reserves in muscle and liver. The results are discussed in connection with the maturation of thermoregulatory functions in the chicken.
Zusammenfassung
Einfluß der Hypothermie auf die Futterverwertung bei Küken
Studler‐Cornish‐Küken im Alter von 15 und 30 Tagen wurden während 15 Tagen einer leichtgradigen Hypothermie unterworfen (12 ± 1 °C, 7 h pro Tag). Der Futterverzehr wurde nicht beeinflußt; die Kälte führte jedoch zu einer Beschleunigung der Ausscheidung und zu einer Verminderung der Assimilation einiger Nahrungsbestandteile bei den jüngeren Tieren sowie zu einer Entleerung der Energiereserven in Muskulatur und Leber. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung der thermoregulatorischen Mechanismen diskutiert.
Résumé
Influence de l'hypothermie sur l'assimilation alimentaire chez des poussins
Des poussins Studler‐Cornish ont été exposés à une légère hypothermie (12 ± 1 °C, 7 h par jour) pendant 15 jours à l'âge de 15 et 30 jours. La consommation d'aliment n'a pas été influencée. Le froid a toutefois accéléré l'excrétion et a diminué l'assimilation de quelques éléments alimentaires chez les plus jeunes animaux; le froid a également provoqué un épuisement des réserves d'énergie dans la musculature et le foie. Les résultats sont discutés en fonction du développement des mécanismes de thermorégulation.
Resumen
El influjo de la hipotermia sobre la utilización de alimentos nutritivos en los pollitos
Pollitos Studler‐Cornish, de 15 y 30 días de edad, fueron expuestos durante 15 días a una hipotermia ligera (12 ± 1 °C, 7 h por día). No fué influenciado el consumo de pienso; sin embargo, el frío condujo a acelerar la eliminación y a disminuir la asimilación de algunos componentes alimenticios, y en los animales jóvenes al agotamiento de las reservas energéticas en la musculatura y en el hígado. Se discuten los resultados en conexión con el desarrollo de los mecanismos de termorregulación en los pollitos.
Abstract. The pollution of the marine ecosystem is a world-wide problem. Heavy metals and organochlorine compounds are among the most harmful elemental pollutants and are of particular concern because of their toxicity to humans. Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus 1758), small pelagic fish with a key ecological role in the marine food web, is an important link connecting the lower and upper trophic levels, being also a valuable species for human consumption. Thus, anchovy samples were collected from different stations along the Romanian Black Sea coast and the analyzed contaminants were organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cr) in muscle tissue. Cd and Pb are the heavy metals that exceeded the allowed levels under the EU legislation (0.3 μg/g), Cd recorded values within the range 0.29-0.51 μg/g (average 0.36 ± 0.09 μg/g) and Pb recorded values within the interval 0.29-1.62 μg/g (average 0.75 ± 0.57 μg/g). Regarding organochlorine pesticides, the highest level was recorded by p,p′-DDE (6.76±1.21 ng/g/dry weight), followed by p,p′-DDD (3.88±0.97 ng/g/dry weight). Among PCB's, the highest level was recorded by PCB 28 (5.19±1.29 ng/g/dry weight). The results of this study revealed that heavy metals, pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls values identified in anchovy tissue, species of commercial interest from the Black Sea, are not threatening to human consumers.
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