We examined postoperative material from 28 patients aged 39-61 years with gliomas of different degrees of anaplasia (the diagnosis was histologically verified according to the WHO classification of CNS tumors) who had not previously received antitumor treatment. In glioma tissue, the glucose concentration was significantly higher than in the brain tissue of subjects dead from traumas (control), while lactate concentration did not differ from that in the control group or was lower. Hexokinase activity demonstrated a tendency to an increase in grade I and significant elevation in grades II and III, while in grade IV gliomas, this parameter did not differ from the control. Activities of the pentose-phosphate pathway enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase increased with increasing of tumor anaplasia. Activity of glycogen synthase 3β kinase was significantly higher than in the control group. IDH1 mutation was discovered in 40% cases, the MGMT promoter methylation was detected in more than 50%, the Ki-67 level increased with increasing tumor anaplasia. The most significant correlations with glioma markers were detected for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase 3β kinase. Activities of the studied enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism significantly correlated with Ki-67 marker.

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One of the key concepts of modern medicine is the quality of life associated with health, which is influenced by the initial underlying disease, its timely diagnosis and quality treatment, as well as rehabilitation, further prevention and identification of complications that have arisen. The conditions and lifestyle of the patient play an important role, not only his physical health, but also mental health. Despite the fact that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is not a life-threatening disease, its main clinical signs are symptoms of dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, which to a greater extent cause discomfort to patients and significantly reduce their quality of life. One of the triggering factors for the development of prostate cancer is neglected cases of BPH progression. The occurrence of prostate cancer, as a consequence of BPH, undoubtedly worsens the patient's quality of life and requires timely diagnosis, detection and immediate treatment. Based on the literature data, the article analyzes the risk factors for the occurrence and the main methods of treatment for BPH and prostate cancer, which negatively affect the patient's quality of life.

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The use of laser technology in the surgical treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia has recently become widespread and introduced into practice. This area of surgery uses a large range of laser modifications and methods of their application when performing surgical interventions on the prostate. The article discusses laser devices for minimally invasive operations on patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in comparison with traditional methods of BPH surgical treatment. The advantages of using laser technologies include the reduction of the time of surgical intervention, the decrease in the number of traumatic complications and bleeding, the absence of the damaging effect of the shock wave, the possibility of using it with surgical instruments of the minimum diameter, and the possibility of using it with flexible surgical instruments.