The aim of this study was to characterize drought tolerance of 20 common bean genotypes using some biochemical markers for oxidative stress. 10 common bean cultivars (9 Bulgarian and a Mexican -BAT 477) and 10 mutant lines M (19)(20) , previously obtained by us after the treatment of seeds from Dobroudjanski 2 and Dobroudjanski 7 cultivars with ethyl methan sulphonate (EMS) and N-nithroso-N-ethyl urea (NEU) were used in this investigation. BAT 477 was chosen as a control and it was presented in unique cluster group. Three biochemical markers -malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and proline were analyzed. The results were statistically elaborated by mono-, bifactorial ANOVA and cluster analyses. Our preliminary results demonstrated that to obtain more valuable information, concerning drought tolerance of both common bean cultivars and mutant lines, MDA, H 2 O 2 and proline should be used as early warning markers. Genotypes studied could be of interest in future investigations being a geneplasme source of common bean drought tolerance. РезюмеЦелта на настоящото проучване е да се характеризира сухоустойчивостта на 20 генотипа фасул, използвайки някои биохимични маркери за оксидативен стрес. В това проучване са използвани 10 сорта фасул (9 български и мексиканският -BAT 477) и 10 мутантни линии M (19)(20), получении преди това от нас след третиране на семена от сортовете Добруджански 2 и Добруджански 7 с етилметан сулфонат (ЕМС) и N -нитрозо-N-етил карбамид (НЕК). BAT 477 бе избран като контрола и той бе представена в самостоятелна клъстерна група. Анализирани са три биохимични маркери -малондиалдехид (MДA), водороден прекис (H 2 O 2 ) и пролин. Резултатите са обработени статистически чрез едно-, двуфакторен ANOWA и клъстър анализ. Нашите предварителните резултати показват, че за да се получи по-ценна информация, относно сухоустойчивостта на сортовете и мутантните линии фасул, MДA, H 2 O 2 и пролинът, трябва да се използват като ранни маркери. Изследваните генотипи представляват интерес за бъдещи проучвания, като източник на генплазма за сухоустойчивост при фасула.Ключови думи: биохимични маркери, водороден пероксид (H 2 O 2 ), малондиалдехид (МДА), пролин, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Разширено резюмеЗасушаването е един от основните видове абиотичен стрес, който засяга селскостопанските култури и производството на хранителни продукти от тях. То индуцира различни физиологични, биохимични и молекулярни отговори при растенията, включително и при фасула. Малондиалдехидът (МДА) е цитотоксичен продукт на липидната пероксидация и индикатор за произвеждането на свободни радикали, които предизвикват сериозно увреждане на клетките. Установено е, че екзогенното прилагане на водороден прекис в ниски концентрации стимулира и засилва устойчивостта на растенията на засушаване. Пролинът пречиства хидроксилните радикали и увеличава кислорода, така предпазва растителните клетки от нарушения. В настоящото изследване е проучена сухоустойчивостта на 20 генотипа фасул, използвайки някои биохимични маркери за оксидативен стресмал...

SummaryThe study was carried out in the Experimental field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding -Agricultural University, Plovdiv during the period 2009-2011. New breeding lines were investigated using block design with 4 replications and 20 m2 plot size. The aim of the investigation was to estimate barley lines by yield, stability and some important traits, using Obzor as a standard. Applying biometrical and cluster analysis and index of yield stability, it has been established that some breeding lines: numbers 21411003, 21401409 and 21001008, respectively, had better traits in comparison with the standard cultivar "Obzor" as well as stable yields regardless of differences in the climatic conditions over the years. These lines can be certified as new cultivars according to the government's requirements for cultivar testing.

ABSTRACT

The main goal of the present study was to estimate new perspective Bulgarian conic lines pepper about yield and stability of the yield with purpose to be presented for Government variety testing and to been included in new breeding programs. Three years experiments were carried out in Experimental fields of Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria with eight new perspective consolidated hybrids of sweet pepper. Typical Bulgarian variety Kurtovska kapia 1619 was used as a standard. The plants were grown according to the conventional technology for middle early field production for South Bulgarian condition. Four harvests were done - one of green fruits and three of red ripening fruits. The total yield, weight and length of fruit were determined. The stability of yield (Ysi) by the methods Kang was calculated. The lines with the highest yield were Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300 F8 and Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 with productivity of 5034.1 kg/da and 4881.3 kg/da respectively. The index of yield stability was highest 7+ about following breeding lines Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 and Kapia 1300 ? Doux d?Espagne F9. The lines Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300 F8, Doux Marconi San Semences ? Kalinkov 800/7 F7 and Doux Marconi Rouge ? Kapia 1300 F7 are suitable to be included in new selection programs for more successfully breeding.

The main goal of the present paper was to study the possibilities for application of herbicides during vegetation of cape gooseberry. Herbicides Afalon 100 and 150 ml/da and Agil 85 and 150 ml/da were applied at the moment of the beginning of bud formation on the Plovdiv variety. The control was not treated, but it was hoed. Twenty days later, species, number and weight of weeds; number of dead cape gooseberry plants; weight, diameter and length of fruits (in botanical maturity) were investigated. Productivity and chemical components were determined. The highest effectiveness, lowest weed number and weight were observed when using Afalon 150 ml/da which controls annual dicotyledon weeds. Total weeds weight decreased mainly due to Afalon. The highest percentage of dead plants was established after application of 150 ml/da Afalon. The highest productivity was established in control. Investigated herbicides, Afalon and Agil, did not demonstrate satisfactory selectivity in cape gooseberry.