ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION 2777solution. The images in this report suggest that future systematic studies under controlled conditions could give a detailed picture of the initial stages of electrocrystallization. ConclusionsIn summary:1. The STM can be used to observe in situ the change in crystal form with time during the electrocrystallization process.2. STM images obtained in situ reveal that 100• of gold electrodeposited on a Au (111) surface forms rolling hills 200/~ wide and 30A high. 3. STM images of an epitaxial Au (111) surface under air and deionized water are flat to within 5A. Under electroplating solution the unplated surface is significantly rougher, perhaps due to exchange current effects. AcknowledgmentsWe thank A. Pinkowski, U. Stimming, and R. Sonnenfeld for valuable discussions on electrochemistry; S. Lindsay for sharing his electrochemical cell design; and S. Chang, V. Hallmark, and G. Borges for providing details on preparing a flat epitaxia] Au (111) surface.

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Silver electrodes were anodized in normalKCl , normalNaCl , normalLiCl , and normalHCl solutions of concentration greater than 4N. High field conduction was exhibited by the growing normalAgCl film during the anodizing process at current densities greater than 1 mA/cm2. The high field barrier film reverts to a porous high conductivity film at applied potentials greater than 20V or when the anodizing current is interrupted or briefly reversed.

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