Salvage surgery can be of benefit to patients with CP with chronic painful hip dislocation, but should be limited to selected patients considering complications.

Increased frequency of concomitant PCSE and that of the atherothrombotic mechanism may explain the high risk of stroke in patients with higher CHADS(2) /CHA(2) DS(2) -VASc score.

Patients with low ABI values presented with more severe ischaemic stroke. Contribution of pre-existing PAD to leg weakness may play a role in the initial severity of stroke in patients with PAD. Our findings suggest that poor clinical outcomes in patients with PAD may be partially explained by their increased likelihood for severe stroke.

We describe a detailed learning curve for scoliosis surgery based on a single surgeon's practise, providing useful information for novice scoliosis surgeons and for those responsible for training in spinal surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:679-85.