The article presents the results of a study of the potential mutagenic effects of the drug Interamin on the bone marrow of mice. Its effect on the cytogenetic stability of bone marrow cells after injection of an experimental mutagen (mitomycin C) was also studied. The antimutagenic potential of Interamin was studied relative to the reference drugs Aminoseleton and Bifeton-B. The study of the mutagenic effect of the compounds was carried out using a micronucleus test in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of the bone marrow of mice that is an assessment of the change in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes. The toxic effect of drugs on bone marrow cells was assessed by the change in the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes relative to the number of normochromic erythrocytes. As a result of the study, no changes were found in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes and the percentage of cells of this type in the bone marrow of mice treated with Interamin at a conditional therapeutic and tenfold increased doses, as well as with its fivefold administration at intervals of 24 hours at a conditionally therapeutic dose. The course use of the study drugs at a therapeutic dose before the administration of mitomycin C led to a decrease in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes by 39.1% (p=0.002) and 47.6% (p=0.009) when using Interamin and Aminoseleton, respectively, relative to the indicators of animals, who were administered only mitomycin C. In the group treated with Biferon-B, such trend was not observed. At the same time, in animals of these groups, the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes was higher by 33.3% (p=0.002) after the administration of Interamin and by 57.2% (p=0.009) after the use of Biferon-B, relative to the animals of the positive control group. The presented data indicate that the drug Interamin has no mutagenic properties, as well as the presence of antimutagenic and antitoxic effects that opens up prospects for its use as a gene protector and antitoxicant.

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The combination of immunomodulators and antibiotics in the treatment of animals with diseases of bacterial etiology is one of the effective strategies for animal therapy. The drug gentabiferon-B combines antibiotic gentamicin and species-specific (bovine) recombinant interferons -α and -γ. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of course application of gentabiferon-B on the cytogenetic stability of bone marrow cells of outbred mice after administering mitomycin C (MMC). The proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes in the bone marrow was assessed. There was no effect of gentabiferon-B on the frequency of polychromatophilic erythrocytes with micronuclei in both healthy animals and mice with MMC-induced cytogenetic instability. The course application of gentabiferon-B before the administration of MMC led to an increase in the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes (46.03±2.61%) which was non-significantly different than the negative control group. The administration of MMC alone caused a decrease in the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes to 33.33±1.83%. The antitoxic effect of gentabiferon-B led to an increase in the level of polychromatophilic erythrocytes by 38.1% compared to the group that received only MMC. Studies have shown that gentabiferon-B does not have mutagenic activity and anticlastogenic properties, however, it reduces the toxic effect of MMC. In conclusion, it is indicative that gentabiferon-B has antitoxic properties and can be safely used in animal therapy.

Blood of fish is a highly sensitive system that quickly responds to the effects of toxins and other stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature. Among the various pathologies of fish blood the formation of micronuclei and anomalies of the nucleus of erythrocytes are distinguished, which can act as markers of the stability of the genome of aquatic life. Therefore, this work presents a cytogenetic analysis of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes of common carp. In fish under investigation, erythrocytes with micronuclei, with a budding and bubbling nucleus, erythrocytes with a caudate filamentous and coracoid nucleus, and cells with a bilobed nucleus were detected. In the blood such types of nucleus anomalies as erythrocytes with a budding and bubbling nucleus prevailed, constituting 0.16 ± 0.031 and 0.28 ± 0.153%, respectively. The average total level of pathologies of the nucleus of erythrocytes in the studied carp was 0.89 ± 0.202%, which corresponded to the parameters of healthy fish.