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Researches based on animal detection plays a very vital role in many real life applications. Applications which are very important are preventing animal vehicle collision on roads, preventing dangerous animal intrusion in residential area, knowing locomotive behavioural of targeted animal and many more.There are limited areas of research related to animal detection. In this paper we will discuss some of these areas for detection of animals.

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Improvement in hostile wireless communication highly varying channel with is done by several ways like channel coding, diversity and equalization. Recently a new family of codes known as turbo codes is incorporated in 3G and 4G wireless standards. It has capability of performing close to Shannon Limit. In this paper we compare performance of convolution code for IS -95 and turbo coded CDMA 2000 over Rayleigh fading channel. Due to its constructional capabilities, turbo codes provide better performance because of recursive nature. Simulation is carried out in Rayleigh fading environment and it is observed that the turbo code performs better than convolution codes. Turbo code drastically improves the performance compared to convolutional codes even at low SNRs also. For the SNRs in the range of 6 dB turbo codes outperform both the IS-95 and CDMA 2000.

The paper articulates the various literature on the topic and shows the bibliographic analysis of the literature review. The study reviews current research on the use of digital technologies in education, exploring its effects on teaching and learning processes. Findings suggest that digitalisation can enhance education quality, increase student engagement, and improve learning outcomes. However, challenges such as digital divide and privacy concerns must also be considered.