Divergence of Populations of Yellow

genotypic diversity of populations of species of the yellow wagtails in the space of their ranges in a wide sympatry refl ects the mechanisms of reproductive isolation of species and forms of subspecies rank and features of microevolution group -polytypic complex Motacilla fl ava Linnaeus, 1758. Th e distribution of species of the yellow wagtails in the European part of Russia is sympatric. Th e purpose of this study was to investigate whether sympatric settlement led to any genetic separation between the populations of these species. 20 blood samples and 2 samples of eggs collected in areas geographically representing the MID and the southern Russian breeding populations of these species, including all juvenile ringed in 2012, were used. Aft er the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 4 types of the yellow wagtails group Motacilla fl ava L., 1758; M. feldegg Michahelles, 1830; M. lutea (S. G. Gmelin, 1774); M. cilreola Pallas, 1776 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae) were sequenced. Aft er aligning the sequences of the gene cytochrome oxidase I, based on the comparison of genetic distances between these species phylogenetic tree of genus Motacilla was constructed. Th ese results suggest that, despite the broad sympatry in nesting places, there is a selective mating between males and females of each species studied in spite of the free crossing and insulating mechanisms in populations.K e y w o r d s: phenotype, genotype, population, mtDNA, barcoding, wagtails, European territory of Russia.

We investigated the genetic basis between sympatric breeding population yellow wagtail Motacilla flava and yellow-headed wagtail Motacilla citreola in the Middle Volga region. We lead the phylogeographic analysis of the nucleotide sequences in the mitochondrial gene of oxidase I cytochromes in yellow wagtail Motacilla flava and yellow headed wagtail M. citreola populations of Middle Volga. As part of the traditionally recognized species M. flava and M. citreola revealed the existence of separate lines, common in the European part of Russia and neighboring countries and associated with the presence of Middle Volga populations of subspecies of M. f. flava, M. f. thunbergi and M. c. citreola, M. c. werae respectively. The forms of M. c. citreola and M. c. werae due to significant genetic distances deserve assigning them the status of the species. These results suggest that, despite the broad sympatry in nesting places, there is a selective mating between males and females of each species studied, which prevents from the free crossing and supports the insulating mechanisms in populations

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<p class="1Body">Blood samples of so-called “yellow” wagtails collected in geographical areas of Middle Volga breeding populations of these species were studied. After mtDNA isolation barcoding of studied species of "yellow" wagtails was performed. Site of gene cytochromec-oxidase I was amplified. This gene was used as a genetic marker for the comparison of obtained samples. After sequencing and sequence alignment of gene cytochrome c-oxidase I, based on the comparison of genetic distances between specimens of the studied species using Jalview software, phylogenetic trees of populations of species <em>Motacilla flava</em> L. and <em>Motacilla citreola</em> Pall. were constructed.</p>