Disease diagnosis is of crucial importance in making appropriate therapeutic decisions. Conventionally, diagnosis was based on isolation and identification of the causative agent. This was followed in timeline by the development of serological tests. Nowadays, molecular tests credited with high sensitivity like polymerase chain reaction and its variants are replacing the older diagnostic techniques. Major obstacle in adoption of PCR based technique is the need for thermocycler, which precludes its use in low resource setting areas. Isothermal amplification system like Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test is a good alternative. It is a novel nucleic acid amplification assay developed in 2000. Amplification of nucleic acid is carried out under isothermal condition, usually at temperature ranging from 60-65℃. Comparatively higher sensitivity, visual detection, lower reaction time, and dispensable use of thermocycler make LAMP an attractive option for field diagnosis. As the test is not susceptible to inhibitory effect of biological substances, it can be very well applied for direct detection from clinical samples without processing. Moreover, quantitaion of nucleic acid is possible by real time turbidity measurement. Till date, LAMP tests have been developed for diagnosis of a large number of diseases including bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic diseases. Instrument-free systems also have come up. In near future, microchip based LAMP system will be commercially available for point of care testing.All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

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To predict the behaviour of selections in the F 1 generation itself before taking them to the advanced generations for further screening, the applicability of diallel cross analysis was studied .For this purpose four N. tabacum varieties were crossed in all combinations to constitute a diallel system and data collected on green leaf, saleable leaf i .e . sum of bright leaf and medium leaf yields, number of days taken for flowering, length and breadth of the middle leaves at maturity of the F l plants were subjected to JINKS and HAYMAN method of analysis .The results showed that Delcrest is a good combiner in throwing better recombinations . It always improved the yielding potential of the poorer parent . In the light of the graphical analysis, the results were discussed in relation to the improvement of the crop and predictions made as to which cross throws better strains . The characters studied are mostly additive in gene action . The scope of this method in the breeding projects to evolve superior strains was outlined .

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The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity of fermented milk of indigenous hill cattle (Himachali Pahari Cow) supplemented with various aqueous herbal extracts. The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) fermented milk supplemented with 1% aqueous herbal extracts of fruits of harad (Terminalia chebula), baheda (Terminalia bellerica), arjuna (Terminalia arjuna), and amla (Phyllanthus emblica) were evaluated for antioxidative activity. Fermented milk containing various aqueous herbal extracts,