Cow fertility depends on many factors, the most important of which are diet, maintenance, upkeep conditions, and technical-technological conditions of production in cattle breeding. If we accept this as correct, and it is, then the question appears, under the same conditions of diet, upkeep, and the technological production process, why some cows conceive and yield a calf each year, while others remain barren, even though the level of milk production per cow is approximately the same. An answer to this question would help resolve the problem of cow sterility. The paper shows the results of insemination of cows in spontaneous or induced oestrus following the administration of one or two injections of prostaglandin. Conception results in spontaneous oestrus following the first insemination were 43.4%(33/76), after the second 23.7%(18/76), after the third 11.8% (9/76), and after the fourth and all subsequent 21.1% (16/76) with an insemination index of 2.3. The results of conception in cows in induced oestrus following a single administration of prostaglandin after the first insemination were 68.4% (13/19), the second and third 15.8% (3/19) each, with an insemination index of 1.5. Following two injections of prostaglandin in induced oestrus, the conception results after the first insemination were 100 % (5/5) with an insemiantion index of 1.0

Over the past 50 years, milk production in our country was only partly based on economic principles, the social aspect being predominant, as for most strategic agricultural products. Only towards the end of 2000, when the key disparities in prices were somewhat corrected, it began to acquire characteristics of economically organized production. Nevertheless, some things remained, like the existence of state premiums for milk which are an effort to bridge the differences between real production costs, on the one hand, and the very low purchasing power of the wider strata of society, on the other. The objective of this work was to review several farm models typical for our country, and to point out the best solutions for developing industrial dairy farming in our very good geographic conditions and other natural resources, and all for the purpose of introducing optimal conditions for feeding and technology with economically justified production

Vitamin B12 deficiency usually occurs in exclusively breastfed infants whose mothers have pernicious anaemia or are vegetarian. Early treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency in infants can prevent potentially neurologic sequelae. A male child aged 13 months has been hospitalized due to failure to thrive, feeding problems, pallor, weakness and hypotonia. During the pregnancy mother did not eat meat and during lactation she also excluded eggs and milk. The child was exclusively breastfed. Laboratory investigations showed a haemoglobin level of 3.5 g/dL, haematocrit 10%, red blood cell count of 0.99 × 10 12 /L, white blood cell count of 4.23 × 10 9 /L and platelet count of 55 × 10 9 /L. Vitamin B12 level was low. A bone marrow aspiration finding was consistent with megaloblastic anaemia. The magnetic resonance imaging showed brain atrophy. Vitamin B12 in a dose of 10µg per kg was applied intramuscularly daily for 2 weeks, then once weekly. Three days after initiating B12 vitamin therapy there was an improvement in the blood count with the gradual improvement of neurological state. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a treatable cause of pancytopenia and neurological dysfunction in children and should be considered as differential diagnosis in an infant with neurological symptoms.