Among the seven species transferred by SPETA (1998: 69–70) to Fusifilum RAF. 1837 there were four true Fusifilum species, and Fusifilum emdeorum sp. nova1 was described by TANG & WEIGLIN (2001). In the present paper ten new species of Fusifilum from South Africa are proposed and, in addition, a fifth old species is transferred from Urginea to Fusifilum resulting in altogether 16 Fusifilum species. The genus Fusifilum was subdivided into the following three sections, viz. F. sect. Archiphysodia, F. sect. Fusifilum, and F. sect. Stenophysodia using two variants of cluster analysis, then Principal Components Analysis, and two cladistic programs. The distribution of all 16 Fusifilum species is given in Table 1: The genus Fusifilum. endemic to Southern Africa, occurs in all four countries of Southern Africa (S. A.) s. str. (Namibia, South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland) and, in the case of S. A., all nine new provinces. Fusifilum may possibly radiate into Botswana, Zimbabwe, and/or Mozambique. In an extra column of the table a quantitative approach to the degree of endemism is given. Five species are considered as local endemics: three are only known from the type locality and two are confined to a single degree square (F. bruce‐bayeri with about 10 collections) or to an area of the same size (square of 16 quarter degree squares: F. giflyergeme). Five species can be called provincial endemics (used for spp. confined to a square of nine degree squares = nearly 100.000 sq.km). Another five species are regional endemics: three old species (F. pusillum. F. capitatum, and F. depressum, all of sect. Archiphysodia) and two new ones (F. glaucum and F. spirale, both of F. sect. Fusifilum). Finally, F. physodes of F. sect. Fusifilum is considered to be a supraregional endemic of Southern Africa.