Among the seven species transferred by SPETA (1998: 69–70) to Fusifilum RAF. 1837 there were four true Fusifilum species, and Fusifilum emdeorum sp. nova1 was described by TANG & WEIGLIN (2001). In the present paper ten new species of Fusifilum from South Africa are proposed and, in addition, a fifth old species is transferred from Urginea to Fusifilum resulting in altogether 16 Fusifilum species. The genus Fusifilum was subdivided into the following three sections, viz. F. sect. Archiphysodia, F. sect. Fusifilum, and F. sect. Stenophysodia using two variants of cluster analysis, then Principal Components Analysis, and two cladistic programs. The distribution of all 16 Fusifilum species is given in Table 1: The genus Fusifilum. endemic to Southern Africa, occurs in all four countries of Southern Africa (S. A.) s. str. (Namibia, South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland) and, in the case of S. A., all nine new provinces. Fusifilum may possibly radiate into Botswana, Zimbabwe, and/or Mozambique. In an extra column of the table a quantitative approach to the degree of endemism is given. Five species are considered as local endemics: three are only known from the type locality and two are confined to a single degree square (F. bruce‐bayeri with about 10 collections) or to an area of the same size (square of 16 quarter degree squares: F. giflyergeme). Five species can be called provincial endemics (used for spp. confined to a square of nine degree squares = nearly 100.000 sq.km). Another five species are regional endemics: three old species (F. pusillum. F. capitatum, and F. depressum, all of sect. Archiphysodia) and two new ones (F. glaucum and F. spirale, both of F. sect. Fusifilum). Finally, F. physodes of F. sect. Fusifilum is considered to be a supraregional endemic of Southern Africa.

To reveal mtgenome characterizations and reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of Hylicinae, the complete mtgenomes of four hylicine species, including Nacolus tuberculatus, Hylica paradoxa, Balala fujiana, and Kalasha nativa, were sequenced and comparatively analyzed for the first time. We also carried out the richest (11) subfamily sampling of Cicadellidae to date, and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of Membracoidea among 61 species based on three datasets using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. All new sequenced mtgenomes are molecules ranging from 14,918 to 16,221 bp in length and are double stranded, circular in shape. The gene composition and arrangement of these mtgenomes are consistent with members of Membracoidea. Among 13 protein-coding genes, most show typical ATN start codons and TAR (TAA/TAG) or an incomplete stop codon T–, and several genes start by TTG/GTG. Results of the analysis for sliding window, nucleotide diversity, and nonsynonymous substitution/synonymous substitution indicate cox1 is a comparatively slower-evolving gene while atp8 is the fastest gene. In line with previous researches, phylogenetic results indicate that treehopper families are paraphyletic with respect to family Cicadellidae and also support the monophyly of all involved subfamilies including Hylicinae. Relationships among the four hylicine genera were recovered as (Hylica + (Nacolus + (Balala + Kalasha))).

No abstract

Six species in genus Nacolus Jacobi 1914 and one species in genus Melliola Hedicke 1923 are found to be synonyms. The following new synonyms are proposed for Nacolus tuberculatus (Walker 1858): Nacolus gavialis Jacobi 1914 syn. n.; Nacolus assamensis (Distant 1918) syn. n.; Nacolus sinensis (Ouchi 1938) syn. n.; Nacolus fuscovittatus Kuoh 1992 syn. n.; Nacolus nigrovittatus Kuoh 1992 syn. n. and Melliola granulata Schmidt 1920 syn. n. The genus Nacolus is reviewed with re-descriptions and photographs of external morphology and genitalia of males and females.