Land Disposal Restrictions LLMW low-level mixed waste MWIP Mixed Waste Integrated Program MWTP Mixed Waste Treatment Project NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission PHP Plasma Hearth Process 8 POHCs Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent Pu plutonium PVC Polyvinylchloride RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RDDT&E Research Development Demonstration Testing and Evaluation RFP Rocky Flats Plant SRP Savannah River Plant TRU transuranic TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act TVA Tennessee Valley Authority WHC Westinghouse Hanford Company vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thankmembers of the Mixed Waste TreatmentProject for providing the mixed waste stream classification system and for their help in identifying waste streampriorities for surrogateformulation.Members of the Mixed Waste IntegratedProgram and their associates provided insight into the waste stream definition and probable matrix constituents. These colleagues include B. C.

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A-58 32 Characteristic viscous relaxation time for a 4-/zm particle expanding to 10 #m.. A-59 vii 7 radioactive Rb, Y, Re, Rh, and Pd and for the transuranics Np, Am, and Cm. We will not be concerned with these elements in the present report. Comments on surrogate cost are prominent in Table 2. We will return to this issue in Sect. 3.9. Table 2. Chemical stand-ins used to simulate nonradioactive high-level waste Waste constituent Reason for substitution Substitute used• to be substituted Rb Expense K Y and Re Expensive to simulate fission Commercially available rare earth product spectrum mixtures Tc No nonradioactive isotopes Mo Ru Expense Fe Rh Expense Co Pd Expense Ni :., C.s b Expense K U, Np, Pu, Am, No nonradioactive isotopes Rare earths and Cm • Substitutes shown are those that have been used in the Waste Fgation Program at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. b Substituted in engineering-scale testsonly. 33 HSC CHEMISTRY AND PHASE STABILITY DIAGRAMS The program HSC Chemistry°, l°contains a large chemical database and algorithms for calculations of reaction outcomes, heat and material balances, equilibrium compositions, phase stability diagrams, and electrochemical equilibria. The title "HSC" stands for enthaipy (H), entropy (S), and heat capacity (C). The programs and database have been developed and improved during a period of 10 years by Antti Roine and collaborators at Outokumpu Research Oy in Finland. The version used here is the latest, Version 1.10 for Windows, dated January 1, 1993. We have used HSC Chemistry extensively in this report. It appears to be the most accessible of a number of available programs including the excellent F*A*C*T package available through the McGill University Computing Center./1 We have obtained equivalent results using F*A*C*T and HSC for several calculations when input data and databases were the same. All calculations within either program yield thermodynamic equilibrium outcomes. HSC contains two databases, labeled "main" and "own." The user will normally add new or updated information, in the prescribed H, S, C format for a given temperature, to the "own" database. The program allots this precedence over information from the "main" database but searches both for all relevant input to a given calculation.

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