It has conducted on the activity and selectivity of Ni/H5NZA catalyst toward the hydrocracking of oleat methyl catalytic becomes short fraction hydrocarbon compounds with the variation of Ni concentration such as 1%, 2% and 3% (% w/w) for oleat methyl catalytic hydrocracking becomes short fraction hydrocarbon compounds (C5-C11 hydrocarbon). The catalyst is prepared by wet impregnation method, then followed by calcinations at 500oC, oxidation at 400oC and reduction at 500oC, each of them are followed by a stream of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen with ± 5mL/second in stream velocity. The characterization of catalyst includes the determination of Si/Al ratio, Ni metal that were impregnated by using AAS instrument, and the acid determination by using gravimetric method. The hydrocracking process is done in flow-fixed bed reactor at 500oC; the catalyst are heated at first and followed by the reactants which are heated in pyrolysis reactor up to it change into vapor, then they are moved into the hydrocracking reactor. The liquid from hydrocracking process is collected and analyzed by using Gas of Chromatography (GC) and Gas of Chromatography-Mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The characterization results showed in general that Si/Al ratio decreases after being impregnated by Ni metal. The amount of Ni metal almost reach a half of early Ni concentration which is impregnated. On the other hands, the acid amount of catalyst after being impregnated by Ni metal rise higher than those before being impregnated by Ni metal. The research showed that the activity and selectivity of Ni-2%/H5NZA catalyst is better in hydrocracking hydrocarbon compounds which are shorter. The activity of Ni-2%/H5NZA catalyst reaches 91.3041%. Meanwhile the selectivity is more selective in creating the hydrocarbon compounds with C5-C11 chain and more lead to the formation of alkane and alkene. Keywords: methyloleate, catalyst, Ni/H5NZ,hydrocracking

Blending polymer CA/PSf was prepared using N.N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent and PEG400 as an additive in membrane fabrication. The phase inversion method using immersion precipitation process was carried out to make the membrane CA/PSf. Membrane CA/PSf characterized by measuring the contact angle of the membrane to determine the membrane hydrophilicity. Performance of membrane is measured using water flux and rejection of dextran 70 kDa and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) 67 kDa. The contact angle of the membrane CA/PSf which amounted to 50° until 63°, so it can be categorized as hydrophilic membranes, because the value of the contact angle is lower than 90°. The resulting water flux membranes CA/PSf from 3.8708 L.m−2.h−1 to 10.462 L.m−2.h−1. Dextran rejection generated which is equal from 40.24% to 89.53%, while the BSA rejection of membrane from 36.21% to 81.68%. Increasing the composition of PSf produces contact angle and water flux increased, but the rejection of dextran and BSA decreased. Resilience fouling membranes CA/PSf is measured by Relative water Flux Reduction (RFR) and Fouling Resistance. RFR membranes CA/PSf which amounted from 9.445% to 32.75%, while the membrane fouling resistant CA/PSf ranged from 0.6725 to 0.9055. RFR is higher when the amount of PSf increased and indicating that their membranes are prone to fouling, it also can be evidenced by the decreased value of resistance fouling when the composition of PSf increase.

The catalytic hydrogenation of methyl palmitate to cetyl alcohol using Ni supported on activated natural zeolite catalysts (Ni/Zeolite) has been carried out. In this work, the effect of catalyst amounts and H 2 flow rate on methyl palmitate conversion and yield of cetyl alcohol were studied. Catalytic hydrogenation was performed in stainless steel fixed bed reactor. The methyl palmitate (10 g) was loaded into the reactor vessel at 400 °C for 30 minutes. In order to study the effects of catalyst amount at constant H 2 flow rate, the catalyst were varied i.e. 5, 10, and 15 g. To investigate the effects of H 2 flow rate were varied from 20, 40, and 60 mL.min -1 at constant catalyst amount. The composition of the products was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that methyl palmitate conversion increase with the increasing of catalyst amount. The highest methyl palmitate conversion (45.62 %) and yield of cetyl alcohol (36.44 %) were obtained for 15 g catalyst and 40 mL. min -1 H 2 flow rate.Keywords : hydrogenation, methyl palmitate, cetyl alcohol PENDAHULUAN Setil alkohol (cetyl alcohol) merupakan salah satu alkohol lemak (fatty alcohol), suatu bahan yang cukup terkenal di dunia farmasi dan kosmetik. Pemanfaatannya dalam industri kosmetik digunakan sebagai surfaktan shampo, atau sebagai emollient (pelembut), emulsifier atau agen pengental dalam produk cream dan lotion kulit.Setil alkohol dapat dibuat dengan bahan dasar lemak dan minyak yang mengandung asam palmitat. Komposisi asam palmitat selalu ada dalam berbagai minyak dan lemak, namun besar kecilnya berbeda antara satu sumber dengan lainnya, misalnya; minyak sawit 43,1 %, minyak kelapa 9,8 %, minyak bunga matahari 6,08 %, minyak biji kapas 20-25 %, mentega 24-26 %, lemak babi 28-30 %, lemak unggas 24-32 %, pelumas 23-24 %, minyak zaitun 9,10 %, minyak jagung 8-12%, minyak kedelai 6-10 %, dan minyak kacang tanah 8-9 % serta minyak canola 4-5 % (Knothe et al., 1997;Kurata et al., 2005).Produksi setil alkohol skala industri melalui proses esterifikasi asam palmitat dari lemak dan minyak kemudian direduksi dengan metode hidrogenasi. Metode ini tidak dapat untuk mereduksi asam karboksilat secara langsung, tetapi dapat mereduksi ester dengan syarat digunakan katalis yang sesuai, temperatur dan tekanan tinggi. Reaksi hidrogenasi ditunjukkan Gambar 1.