The paper presents the results of testing the effect of pyrophyllite shale (pyrophyllite) on the quality of maize plant silage, primarily on the production of organic acids, pH value, quality assessment and microbiological safety. The ensiling was done in plastic containers which allowed the storage of 10 kg of chopped green mass. Tested pyrophyllite doses were: 0% in the control treatment (I), 0.5 and 1.0% in experimental treatments (II and III, respectively). Granulated pyrophyllite (100 µm), originating from Parsovići, Konjic site, AD Harbi Ltd., Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was manually incorporated. The chopped green mass of the maize plant came from FAO 600 hybrids. The green mass containing 37.17% of dry matter (final waxy ripening phase) was compressed in the same manner in all three treatments during the filling of the vessels. The containers were then covered with nylon foil (0.2 mm) above which a layer of fine sand (approx. 5 cm) was placed in toward the silage protection from air passage. The silages were opened after 7 weeks and organoleptic, chemical and microbiological analyses were performed. The organoleptic properties of silages (colour and odour) were better in silages containing 0.5 and 1.0% pyrophyllite. The silage temperature at the moment of opening of the containers was lower in the treatments with 0.5 and 1.0% added pyrophyllite (13.7 and 13.2 °C, respectively) while in the control treatment it was 14.6 °C. The addition of pyrophyllite to silage affected the production of volatile fatty acids (p ≤ 0.05). The highest amount of lactic acid was found in the silage sample without the addition of pyrophyllite, and acetic acid in the silage treated with 0.5 and 1.0% of pyrophyllite. The lowest amount of butyric acid was determined in the silage with the addition of 1% pyrophyllite. Based on the content and interrelationship of lactic, acetic and butyric acid, as well as the pH values, all three silages were rated as the highest (I) class. The number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, as well as the number of yeasts, was lower in the silages with the addition of 0.5 and 1.0% pyrophyllite. In future, particular attention should be paid on the possibility of pyrophyllite enrichment (e.g. with nitrogen) and more appropriate physical formulation (e.g. granules) that would allow more efficient practical application.
IzvodPorast proizvodnje uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) evidentan je u svetskim razmerama, a poslednje decenije i u Srbiji. Uljana repica se koristi prvenstveno za dobijanje ulja za ishranu i prerađivačku industriju, ali i kao izvor proteina za ishranu domaćih životinja i zelenišno đubrivo. Nakon gajenja sorti počelo se 90-ih godina prošlog veka sa oplemenjivanjem i gajenjem hibrida uljane repice, kako bi se iskoristio efekat heterozisa u F1 generaciji, uz istovremenu zaštitu prava oplemenjivača prilikom prometa semena. U oplemenjivanju hibrida uljane repice neophodno je u kvalitetan početni materijal (linije dobrih kombinacionih sposobnosti) uneti svojstvo muške sterilnosti. U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad koristi se prvenstveno Ogura sistem sterilnosti. Korišćenje ovog sistema obuhvata unošenje citoplazmatske muške sterilnosti (cms linije majke) i gena za restauraciju fertilnosti (Rf linije oca). Da bi se sterilnost linije majke održala neophodno je proizvesti i liniju održivača citoplazmatske muške sterilnosti. Prilikom stvaranja ovih linija, hibrida i u semenskoj proizvodnji u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo intenzivno i vrlo uspešno su korišćene citogenetske laboratorijske metode. Analizirana je građa i vitalnost polena, kao i različite faze tokom mejoze i utvrđena stabilnost svojstava prilikom unošenja ovih gena u različite linije.U oplemenjivanju uljane repice u Srbiji postignuti su značajni rezultati kroz saradnju istraživača koji se bave genetikom i oplemenjivanjem ove biljne vrste. Do sada je pored 12 sorti ozime i dve sorte jare repice u Srbiji registrovan hibrid ozime uljane repice NS Ras. NS Ras je ranostasni hibrid koji se odlikuje visokim prinosom zrna i ulja. Prosečan prinos u dve sezone za tri lokaliteta je bio 4256 kg ha -1 semena i 1704 kg ha -1 ulja. Još tri perspektivna ozima hibrida uljane repice nalaze se u postupku registracije u republici Srbiji i jedan u EU. U rešavanju mnogih izazova u oplemenjivanju, prvenstveno otpornosti na biotski i abiotski stres, pored klasičnog oplemenjivanja neophodno je primeniti, citogenetske i molekularne analize za povećanje efikasnosti oplemenjivanja uljane repice.
Camelina (Camelina sativa [L.] Crtz.) is an oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family. It represents revived crops, which was reintroduced to contribute in diversification of the used crops. Field trials were set in a total of five different locations across four years in which in
IzvodStvaranjem hibrida suncokreta tolerantnih na sulfonil-ureu tj. tribenuron-metil omogućeno je korišćenje šire palete herbicida za efikasno suzbijanje korova u toku vegetacionog perioda. Zahvaljujući ovoj tolerantnosti znatno je olakšana borba protiv širokolisnih korova, posebno palamide, u usevu suncokreta. U ponudi Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo su četiri nova hibrida NS SUMO SUN, NS SUMO STAR, NS SUMO SjAj i NS SUMO SOL, registrovanih u 2016. godini. Hibridi priradaju grupi ranih i srednje ranih hibrida suncokreta, pokazuju visok potencijal rodnosti i imaju visok sadržaj ulja u semenu. Prilagođeni su gajenju u različitim agroekološkim uslovima jer imaju široku adaptabilnost na uslove proizvodnje. Svi hibridi imaju otpornost prema volovodu (Orobanche cumana Wallr), rase od A-E i visok stepen tolerantnosti prema Phomopsis-u, beloj truleži (Sclerotinia sclorotiorum), rđi (Puccinia helianthi) i dr. U radu su prikazani rezultati prinosa semena i ulja komisijskih ogleda Odeljenja za priznavanje sorti Ministarstva poljoprivrede i zaštite životne sredine Republike Srbije.Ključne reči: suncokret, hibrid, tribenuron-metil, prinos semena, prinos ulja UvodVeliki problem u proizvodnji suncokreta predstavljaju korovi koji utiču na smanjenje prinosa semena usled kompeticije za vodom, hranljivim materijama, svetlosti i prostorom. jedan od uspešnih načina kontrole i suzbijanja korova je korišćenje herbicida. Paleta herbicida kod suncokreta nije toliko široka, posebno u pogledu herbicida za suzbijanje širokolisnih korova i za primenu posle nicanja suncokreta (Malidža i sar. 2004). Otkrivanje izvora i razvoj hibrida suncokreta tolerantnih na herbicide otvorilo je novu eru istraživanja i strategije razvoja suncokreta (Malidža i sar., 2004; Sala i sar. 2012). Prvi stvoreni komercijalni hibridi suncokreta tolerantni na herbicide su iz grupe imidazolinona, a tehnologija gajenja poznata je pod nazivom Clearfield (jocić i sar. 2004). Ovi hibridi imaju značaj u suzbijanju velikog broja širokolisnih korova i volovoda u suncokretu. Izvor tolerantnosti na herbicide iz grupe imidazolinona su iz populacije divljeg
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