Based on experimental studies and the theory of the electrode effect, the dependences of the reduction coefficient used in the processing of atmospheric-electric observation data on the geometry of the sensors and the size of the measured electric field are studied. In the approximation of the classical electrode effect, analytical expressions are obtained for the potential and electric field distributions near a flat electrode with a spherical inhomogeneity.

The results of long-term studies of the electric field in the atmospheric surface layer on the basis of data of continuous measurements carried out at the mountain stations located one - at the beginning of the Baksan gorge, the second – on the slope of Cheget mountain in the Elbrus region are presented. The influence of solar activity on the behavior of the electric field near the earth's surface is studied.

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The article proposes a method for the interrelated determination of the speed coefficients and optimal geometry of a radial-axial centripetal turbine flow range. The method is based on a model of gas flow at an average diameter in a one-dimensional quasi-stationary approximation, supplemented with ratios to determine the optimal operating parameters of the turbine.

An electrodynamic model of the surface layer is constructed in the approximation of the turbulent electrode effect in the atmosphere. The variation of the electric field that occurs due to changes in the degree of turbulent mixing during the day is calculated. The dependence of the spatial and temporal electric field characteristics on the values of the turbulent diffusion coefficient in the surface layer is studied. It is shown that the local changes in the degree of turbulent mixing lead to disturbances of the electric field comparable to the global unitary variation.