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The influence of individual cases in a data set is studied when variable selection is applied in multiple linear regression. Two different influence measures, based on the Cp criterion and Akaike's information criterion, are introduced. The relative change in the selection criterion when an individual case is omitted is proposed as the selection influence of the specific omitted case. Four standard examples from the literature are considered and the selection influence of the cases is calculated. It is argued that the selection procedure may be improved by taking the selection influence of individual data cases into account.

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For two or more populations of which the covariance matrices have a common set of eigenvectors, but different sets of eigenvalues, the common principal components (CPC) model is appropriate. Pepler et al. (2015) proposed a regularised CPC covariance matrix estimator and showed that this estimator outperforms the unbiased and pooled estimators in situations where the CPC model is applicable. This paper extends their work to the context of discriminant analysis for two groups, by plugging the regularised CPC estimator into the ordinary quadratic discriminant function.Monte Carlo simulation results show that CPC discriminant analysis offers significant improvements in misclassification error rates in certain situations, and at worst performs similar to ordinary quadratic and linear discriminant analysis. Based on these results, CPC discriminant analysis is recommended for situations where the sample size is small compared to the number of variables, in particular for cases where there is uncertainty about the population covariance matrix structures.

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