Bacterial proliferation in the small intestine can induce the protraction of diarrhea due to malabsorption of the nutrients. We performed the culture of the small intestine juice for the aerobic and anaerobic flora in 40 infants with persistent and acute diarrhea. Bacterial proliferation was observed in 32 (80%) patients, being 30 (75%) due to the aerobic microflora and 17 (43%) due to the anaerobic microflora. There was no statistical difference in the bacterial growth between acute and persistent diarrhea. The aerobic bacteria most frequently isolated was E. coli in 23 patients, and Bacteroides sp was the most prevalent anaerobic bacteria, isolated in 9 cases. The transitory flora was significantly more abundant in patients with persistent diarrhea. J. pediatr. (Rio J.). 1995; 71(3):158-162: bacterial proliferation, anaerobic flora, acute diarrhea, persistent diarrhea, small bowel. ResumoProliferação bacteriana no intestino delgado (PBID) é uma das alterações fisiopatológicas que induzem ao prolongamento da diarréia aguda. Realizamos intubação naso-duaodenal e coleta do aspirado duodenal, para realização de cultura e contagem de colônias de microorganismos aeróbios e anaeróbios, em 40 lactentes internados para tratamento de diarréia: 23 portadores de diarréia aguda e 17 portadores de diarréia persistente. PBID esteve presente em 32 (80%) dos 40 pacientes, sendo 30 (75%) com PBID de aeróbios e 17 (43%) com PBID de anaeróbios. Não houve diferença entre pacientes com diarréia aguda ou com diarréia persistente em relação à incidência destas ocorrências. O aeróbio coliforme mais isolado foi a E. coli (23 casos), e o anaeróbio coliforme mais isolado foi o Bacteroides sp (9 casos). A flora transitória (cocos gram positivos, Lactobacillus sp e leveduras) esteve significativamente mais presente nos lactentes com diarréia persistente do que nos lactentes com diarréia guda.J. pediatr. (Rio J.). 1995; 71(3):158-162: proliferação bacteriana, flora anaeróbica, diarréia aguda, diarréia persistente, intestino delgado.
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