Measles is an extremely contagious viral disease. Even though a safe vaccine exists for this disease, it remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in infants and young children. We aimed to create a retrospective descriptive study in which to analyze the evolution of the measles epidemic at the European level. The documentation was carried out using European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) statistics. At the same time, we present the epidemic's evolution in Romania, using data provided by the Romanian National Institute of Public Health and Ministry of Health. European statistical data indicate a high number of patients diagnosed with measles both among children and adults. All European countries benefit from the measles vaccination in the form of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) trivaccine included in their National Vaccination Programme. The vaccination schedule varies from country to country. In the vaccination scheme, most European countries include two doses of the MMR vaccine among the pediatric population. Romania registered a limited number of cases of measles between 1980 and 2015 following the introduction of the measles vaccination in the National Vaccination Programme. Since 2005, the Romanian vaccination schedule includes two doses of MMR trivaccine, administered at 12 months and at 6-7 years. After 2015, as a result of a significant decrease in the number of vaccinated children, Romania is facing a major increase in the cases of measles. Consecutively, a measles epidemic was declared in 2016 and an additional dose of mandatory MMR trivaccine was introduced at the age of 9 months. After 4 years of this schedule of administration, starting with August 2020, the additional dose of MMR administered during infancy has been discontinued. We propose an analysis of the factors that influenced the downward evolution of the measles epidemic in Romania at the beginning of the third millennium. Issues related to the limitation of interpersonal contact in the context of the social distancing imposed by the Sars-CoV-2 virus pandemic are discussed. We consider necessary a detailed documentation of the percentage of new disease cases that will appear in the pediatric population in the near future, in the context of the resumption of daily activity after the reopening of nurseries, kindergartens and schools.

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Results: CYP450 gene expression was significantly altered about 6 weeks postnatally between preterm infants (n=18) born at early (GA 25.2-28.6 wks) versus late (n=23) ). Thirteen CYP450 genes, including those metabolizing commonly used drugs, such as CYP1A2 (p=0.0112) and CYP3A4 (p=0.0424), differed in expression levels. No significant differences in CYP450 gene expressions among preterm males and females were found. Conclusion:We identified significant differences in CYP450 gene expression levels in preterm infants 6 weeks postnatally depending on GA. In particular CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 are interesting candidates for explaining variable drug response in preterm infants. Further investigation is needed to explore the role of these differences related to drug metabolism. Background and aims: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is considered to be a consequence of prematurity, pulmonary baro/volutrama, hyperoxia and inflammation. Increased inflammatory response and lung repair with impaired alveolarization and vascularisation are largely determined by genetic variability. Metalloproteinases are endopeptidases with key role in extracellular matrix remodeling as occurs during lung development and repair after injury. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 genetic polymorphisms on the risk of BPD. 810Methods: 95 preterm neonates with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks and birth weight ≤1500g were included in this prospective study. For the evaluation of phenotypic effect 215 term healthy neonates were additionally included. Out of 95 premature infants 47 developed BPD according to NIH criteria. 7 neonates died before time of assessment presenting severe lung damage. Using SNP TaqMan assays -1306C/T MMP-2 and +853G/A TIMP-2 polymorphisms were genotyped in DNA extracted from blood samples.Results: Analysis of genetic variability in preterm neonates showed difference in distribution of genotypes at -1306C/T MMP-2 position. C/T and T/T genotypes were more frequent in neonates developing BPD or in those who died. Additionally T allel presence was associated with prolonged ventilation time and hospitalization duration at NICU. No difference in +853G/A TIMP-2 polymorphism frequency was found between tested groups.Conclusions: Based on presented data and multigenetic background of BPD, genetic variability of MMP-2 may be one of the contributory factors in development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Background and aims: Progressive muscular dystrophies represent a group of genetic diseases with insidious onset in childhood; they are characterized by muscle fatigue associated with pseudohypertrophy of the muscles, high level of creatinkinase; electrophysiological, histological and molecular biology studies distinguish the primary disorder of the muscles. 811

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