Regardless of type, level and magnitude, a crisis has an effect on the tourism sector. Although numerous studies have investigated tourism crises, most of them concentrate on the increase and decrease in tourist arrival numbers. However, to date, little is known about the evolutionary differences in tourist behaviour caused by different types of crisis. This study investigates the underlying influence of financial and healthrelated crises on tourist profile, purpose of visit and expenditure patterns in Hong Kong's inbound tourism industry. The results indicate a variation in tourists' sensitivity before, during and after crises in shortand long-haul markets. This difference is apparent in terms of age, purpose of visit and expenditure patterns in tourists. We found that the nature and phases of crises do not invariably influence tourists. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

With changing customer demand, fierce market competition, and uncertainties, service organizations are facing dynamic or even highly turbulent environments. Fostering employees' ability to innovate is a far-reaching business strategy for firms to overcome market turbulence and cope with these challenges. Drawing on resilience theory, this study aims to examine whether employee resilience mediated the relationship between market turbulence and service innovation, and 2) whether this mediating process was moderated by organizational readiness for change. Data were collected from employees in the hospitality industry in a developing country, Ethiopia, and the results indicated that employee resilience partially mediates the relationship between market turbulence and service innovation. Moreover, the indirect link was stronger for hotels with higher readiness for change than for those with lower readiness for change. Implications for managers and directions for further research are also discussed.

Seasonality in tourism is a key but poorly understood issue in the context of the tourism industry. Furthermore, theoretical and conceptual developments regarding seasonality in tourism remain limited. This conceptual study aims to integrate approach–avoidance and regulatory focus theories as frameworks for understanding seasonality in tourism. The study’s purpose is threefold. First, it evaluates current research on seasonality in tourism. Second, it outlines the features of approach–avoidance and regulatory focus theories and their underutilization in the tourism setting. Third, it illustrates the potential of the above theories and frameworks in understanding seasonality in tourism. Also important is our development of a dualistic model to augment policymakers’ understanding of how certain factors, such as fruition-based factors, structural factors, unforeseen factors, and climate-based factors, can influence seasonality in tourism. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of technological turbulence on employee resilience based on cognitive dissonance theory and through a process of consonance and dissonance. First, the study investigates employee openness to represent cognitive consonance and then resistance to change to represent cognitive dissonance processes. Such processes mediate the relationship between technological turbulence and employee resilience. Second, this study proposes that the above associations will be moderated by crisis leadership efficacy. Design/methodology/approach The study uses multi-source data from service employees and their immediate superiors in hospitality, including a two-phase data collection process. Moreover, the study conducts a two-step structural equation modeling. Findings This study finds that employee openness and resistance to change mediate the association between technological turbulence and employee resilience. Furthermore, results reveal that crisis leadership efficacy strengthens the relationships (direct and indirect, through openness and resistance to change) between technological turbulence and employee resilience. The study discusses the implications for theory and practice for tourism scholars and practitioners. Research limitations/implications This study provides empirical evidence showing the importance of employee resilience and the underlying mechanisms in responding to technological turbulence in the hospitality industry. Originality/value Resilience research in the hospitality and service context is timely and necessary to cope up with the changing market and turbulences. This study extends the extant literature that mainly examined the crisis and dynamic conditions. The study contributes to crisis management, marketing and leadership literature concerning technological turbulence and employee resilience in the hospitality context.

Willingness to share knowledge among employees is essential that may affect the performance of the organizations and long-term effectiveness. This study examines when does an employee with proactive personality more willing to share knowledge with others. More importantly, the purpose of this study is to investigate two important mechanisms -autonomous and controlled motives -on the relationship between proactive personality and knowledge sharing intention.The structural equation modeling (SEM) results indicate that an employee with proactive personality is prominent in fostering knowledge sharing with autonomous motivation.Conversely, controlled motivation restrains their sharing intention. Furthermore, our multimethods techniques found that autonomous motivation mediates the positive relationship between proactive personality and knowledge sharing, whereas controlled motivation negatively mediates such relationship. This study contributes to hospitality literature by investigating the intervening mechanisms of proactive personality and knowledge sharing intention and the mediating roles of autonomous and controlled motivations on knowledge sharing intention.