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Abstract:In this study, in order to enhance the aqueous solubility and to overcome the limitation of curcumin (Cur) in free form, as well as to develop a carrier for transdermal delivery of hydrophobic pharmaceutical agents such as Cur, a sonicated synthetic process of nanocurcumin (nCur) in thermally responsive Chitosang-Pluronic (CP) copolymer is disclosed herein. The use of CP copolymer solution as a dispersant medium is a very attractive method to avoid the use of toxic organic solvent and non-biocompatible surfactant. The obtained Cur nanoparticles had a fairly narrow distribution of 8-23 nm. nCur-dispersed CP solution showed good stability with no change in color characteristic and no phase separation after 1 month of storage. Rheological characterization of CP hydrogels had indicated sol-gel transition at the same temperature (35°C). Interestingly, the rate of Cur release for this system can be conveniently modulated as transdermal drug delivery.

The combination of one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two-dimensional (2D) graphene materials to generate three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid thin films (CNGHTFs) has attracted great attention owing to their intriguing properties via the synergistic effects of these two materials on their electrical, optical, and electrochemical properties in comparison with their individual components. This review aims to provide a brief introduction of recent trends in preparation methodologies and some outstanding applications of CNGHTFs. It contains two main scientific subjects. The first of these is the research on preparation techniques of CNGHTFs, including reduction agent-assisted mechanical blending of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and CNTs, hybridization methods for layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of CNTs and rGO sheets, multi-step methods using combinations of a solution and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processing, onestep growth of CNGHTFs by the CVD method, and modified CVD methods via thermal deposition of carbon source on catalyst surfaces. The advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods of CNGHTFs are presented and discussed in detail. The second scientific subject of the review is the research on some outstanding applications of CNGHTFs in various research fields, including transparent conductors, electron field emitters, field-effect transistors, biosensors and supercapacitors. In most cases, the CNGHTFs showed superior performances than those of the pristine GO/graphene or CNT materials. Therefore, the CNGHTFs exhibit as high-potential materials for various practical applications. Opportunites and challenges in the fields are also presented.