We study the shape evolution of C isotopes in the full (β, γ) deformation plane using a constrained Skyrme Hartree-Fock + BCS method in coordinate space. It is shown that the deformation of the energy minimum varies markedly in the (β, γ) plane as a function of mass number, which can be viewed as a clear manifestation of the spontaneous symmetry breaking effect in finite many-body systems. We also study the difference in deformations between protons and neutrons in the total (β, γ) plane. It is found that the proton and neutron quadrupole moments are almost the same in light C isotopes, while the neutron quadrupole moment is about 3 times larger than the proton one in C isotopes heavier than 16 C. The isospin symmetry of the mirror nuclei 10 C and 10 Be is also examined in connection with the deformation in the (β, γ) plane.

In accordance with the requirements of expanding Machine-To-Machine communication (M2M), the network overlay is in progress in several domains such as Smart Grid. Consequently, it is predictable that opportunities and cases of integrating yielded data from devices such as sensors will increase more. Accordingly, the importance of Ontology and Information Models (IM) which normalize the semantics including sensor expressions, have increased, and the standards of these definitions have been more important as well. So far, there have been multiple initiatives for standardizing the Ontology and IM in regards to the sensors expression such as Sensor Standards Harmonization by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), W3C Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) and the recent W3C IoT-Lite Ontology. However, there is still room to improve the current level of the Ontology and IM on the viewpoint of the implementing structure. This paper presents a set of IMs on abstract sensors and contexts in regards to the phenomenon around these sensors from the point of view of a structure implementing these specified sensors. As several previous studies have pointed out, multiple aspects on the sensors should be modeled. Accordingly, multiple sets of Ontology and IM on these sensors should be defined. Our study has intended to clarify the relationship between configurations and physical measured quantities of the structures implementing a set of sensors. Up to present, they have not been generalized and have remained unformulated. Consequently, due to the result of this analysis, it is expected to implement a more generalized translator module easily, which aggregates the measured data from the sensors on the middleware level managing these Ontology and IM, instead of the layer of user application programs.

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Since the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) is composed of robots with actuators, interferences with the real-world activities are necessary, and safety is essential. In addition, some IoRT services may require bidirectional communication between multiple machines. One of the communication protocols that satisfy these requirements is AMQP, a broker architecture that emphasizes reliability and high functionality in communication. Therefore, using AMQP as the communication infrastructure between components in an IoRT system, it can contribute to improving the reliability of robot operations in IoRT and diversifying messaging between robots. To verify AMQP's communication advantages, we have implemented the communication interface of AMQP in RT-Middleware, which is one of the robot middlewares, and have conducted performance and reliability tests on the effectiveness of RT-Middleware as a platform for constructing a reliable IoRT system. In the tests, we compared the communication performance of the platform with CORBA and MQTT communication interfaces implemented in RT-Middleware. The results show that although AMQP causes a small amount of latency compared to other communication interfaces, the distribution range of the latency is small, and relatively stable communication is performed. Furthermore, in the messaging quality test results, the data loss during communication by AMQP is almost a hundred times better than CORBA, and ten times better than MQTT, which mean that highly reliable messaging is possible. Based on this study's findings, we conclude that AMQP should be fully used as a communication protocol for constructing IoRT systems.

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