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1 AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to histologically and immunohistochemically evaluate bone regeneration using three different implant materials in rabbit mandibles and also to compare the bone regenerative capability of these materials in an animal model. Study design:Adult male Japanese white rabbits (n=48, 12-16 weeks, 2.5-3.0 kg) were divided into four groups, consisting of twelve animals each. The implant materials were β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), autologous bone derived from the radius, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer and gelatin sponge (PGS) complex. After incising along the inferior border of mandible, the materials were implanted as onlay grafts and covered by titanium mesh with screws. No material was implanted into the control group.The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively, and formalin-fixed specimens containing titanium mesh were embedded in acrylic resin. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For immunohistochemical analysis, the specimens were treated with BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) and FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor-2) antibodies. Finally, these were evaluated microscopically.2

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