China’s road transport sector plays an important role in meeting carbon early peaking and carbon neutrality goals. This study examines how the sector might be decarbonized by modelling five scenarios using the LEAP model. This study aims to inform China road transport sector’s emission reduction target, identification of cost-effective measures that deliver on the sectoral emission reduction targets, facilitate low-carbon investments, and identification of decarbonization measures with air pollution reduction co-benefits.

To help unify the transport emissions accounting methodologies for China’s national and subnational governments and improve statistical data collection for credible transport emissions reporting, this study reviews the accounting methods and statistical data used globally and in China through a literature review and stakeholder interviews.

本论文通过文献整理和利益相关者访谈，梳理了全球和中国现行交通领域核算方法，并通过建立一套评估指标体系（包括数据可得性、权责对应性、不确定性、一致性和可加总性、排放源可识别性、政策关联性等），对各种交通碳排放核算方法及计算结果进行了对比，并分析不同碳排放核算方法在国内的适用性。

本文采用公开数据及统一的交通碳排放核算方法，对国内各省份2012—2019年交通直接碳排放进行摸底，以支持“差异化”交通领域减排行动方案制定。同时，为提升地方交通碳排放核算结果的确定性，本文也对省级交通领域碳排放核算方法及统计数据基础提出了完善建议。