O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do estádio de maturação dos frutos, no desenvolvimento de embriões de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas), cultivados em meio MS com diferentes suplementos: sacarose, água de coco e carvão ativado. Os frutos foram coletados, e os embriões de suas sementes extraídos assepticamente. Utilizaram-se duas condições experimentais: embriões oriundos de frutos em três estádios de desenvolvimento (imaturo, maduro e seco), colocados em meio de cultivo MS acrescido de sacarose (0, 15, 30 e 60 g L-1); embriões oriundos de frutos secos, colocados em meio MS acrescido de: 30 g L-1de sacarose, carvão ativado (0, 1, 2 e 3 g L-1) e de água de coco (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 mL L-1). O material foi mantido por 30 dias em sala de crescimento, sob condições ambientais controladas. Apenas os embriões zigóticos provenientes de frutos imaturos necessitam da suplementação de sacarose para sustentar sua germinação. O melhor desenvolvimento de embriões ocorre em meio MS suplementado com 60 g L-1 de sacarose. A associação de carvão ativado e água de coco proporcionam melhor crescimento de plântulas oriundas de embriões de sementes retiradas de frutos secos.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar aspectos morfológicos externos do fruto, semente, processo germinativo e plântula de Jatropha curcas. Em frutos e sementes foram avaliadas as características: dimensões, tipo, cor, textura, deiscência e número de sementes por fruto, presença de carúncula, formato do embrião e presença do endosperma. No estudo do desenvolvimento pós-seminal e diferenciação das plântulas, as sementes foram colocadas para germinar em meio de cultura MS (Murashige & Skoog). O fruto de Jatropha curcas é seco deiscente, capsular, tricoca, geralmente com três sementes e endocarpo lenhoso. A semente é ovalada, endospérmica, com envoltório liso e presença de carúncula. O embrião possui um par de cotilédones e eixo hipocótilo-radícula cilíndrico e reto. A germinação é epígea.Termos para indexação: ciclo biológico, germinação, morfologia, reprodução. External morphology of fruits, seeds and seedlings of physic nutAbstract -The objective of this work was to characterize the external morphology of the fruit, seeds, germination process and seedlings of Jatropha curcas. The fruits and seeds had the following characteristics evaluated: size, type, color, texture, dehiscence and number of seeds, presence of caruncle, form of the embryo and presence of the endosperm. To study the post-seminal development and differentiation of seedlings, seeds were placed to germinate in the MS (Murashige & Skoog) culture medium. The fruit of Jatropha curcas is of dry, dehiscent capsular type, generally presenting three seeds and woody endocarp. The seed is oval, endospermic, with smooth coat and the presence of caruncle. The embryo is composed of a pair of cotyledons and the hypocotylradicle axis is cylindrical and straight, with epigeal germination.

Jatropha is a potential oilseed crop, which requires mitigating factors such as the low genetic variability of the species. The solution runs through the research of Brazilian germplasm. Attention should be given to the germplasm of jatropha the north of Minas Gerais, because this is the oldest national collection and because this region may be a regions of jatropha diversity due to selection pressure arising from environmental adversities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of 48 accessions of collection from Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), using SSR and ISSR markers. The results showed low genetic diversity, but some individuals stood out as J. mollissima (48), J. podagrica (47), Mexican accessions (42, 43, 44 and 45) and some national accessions (28, 29, 41 and 46). Therefore, aiming to increase the genetic variability and improve the effectiveness of jatropha breeding programs, it is suggested to explore such as parental accessions to generate commercial hybrids. This fact implies the possibility to support future production of jatropha, since this culture may be an important source of income, especially for small farmers living in semiarid regions of Brazil.

ABSTRACT. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) has potential as an oilseed crop that requires the development of technology for its exploitation. The objective of this study was to assess the population structure and the genetic diversity in jatropha accessions at a global level using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. Jatropha accessions (N = 109) from 10 countries were genotyped using 10 SSR markers. The results showed a low level of genetic diversity among 92 accessions originating from India,

The jelly palm plant [Butia capitata (Martius) Beccari] is a native palm of the Cerrado biome used for many purposes in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Dormancy is common in palm seeds, resulting in slow and uneven germination that may take years to complete. Modification in the growth pattern, anatomical parameters, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plant can be verified due to changes in the light spectrum transmitted through colored shade nets used. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of colored shade nets on the leaf and root anatomy of the jelly palm plant. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, ten replicates and eight plants per replicate, totaling 400 plants. Four colored photo-converter nets with 50% shading and different radiation proportions were employed: white (985 μmol.m-2.s-1), red (327 μmol.m-2.s-1), black (433 μmol.m-2.s-1) and silver (405 μmol.m-2.s-1). The plants cultivated under direct sunlight (1000 μmol.m-2.s-1) were considered as the control group. Leaf and root anatomical analysis was performed on 10 plants per treatment. It is possible to conclude that the colored shade nets caused changes in leaf and root anatomy of the jelly palm plant (Butia capitata).