RESUMOO plano de utilização sustentável de Produtos Florestais, especialmente as espécies oleaginosas nativas tem como função a manutenção da floresta, a preservação do meio ambiente e a geração de renda em comunidades rurais. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a potencialidade de produção de biodiesel a partir de espécies oleaginosas nativas do estado de Rondônia. Para a identificação das espécies oleaginosas foram selecionadas cinco unidades amostrais em áreas com mata primária com o auxílio do método da Área Fixa. A extração do óleo das espécies oleaginosas foi realizada e aquelas com maior teor de lipídeos foram usadas para a produção de biodiesel. Os resultados mostraram que as espécies andiroba (Carapa guianensis), babaçu (Orbignya phalerata), castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa), tucumã-do-Amazonas (Astrocaryum tucuma) possuem potencial de produção de biodiesel. Especialmente o tucumã-do-Amazonas, por seu alto teor de lipídios (21,5%) e a qualidade do biodiesel produzido. Além disso, já havia um comércio para esta oleaginosa na região. Entretanto, torna-se imprescindível o estudo da cadeia produtiva destas espécies como estratégia para minimização na perda da cobertura vegetal nativa e na manutenção da função ambiental das áreas a serem exploradas. PALAVRA-CHAVE: Florística, Palmeiras, Sustentabilidade, Inclusão Social. Potential of biodiesel production with oil seed native species from Rondônia, Brazil ABSTRACTThe plan for sustainable use of Forest Products, especially the native oil seed species, has the function of maintaining the forest, environmental conservation and income production in rural communities. Thus, this paper aimed to evaluate the potential production of biodiesel from native oil seed species. For the identification, five oil seed species sampling units were selected in areas with primary forest using the Fixed Area method. The extraction of oil from oil seed species was carried out and those with higher levels of lipids were used for the production of biodiesel. The results showed that species andiroba (Carapa guianensis), babassu (Orbignya phalerata), Brasil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), "tucumã-do-Amazonas" (Astrocaryum tucuma) all of them have potential for biodiesel production. Especially "tucumã-do-Amazonas" for its high level of lipids (21.5%) and the quality of the produced biodiesel. In addition, there was already a trade for this oil seed in the region. However, it becomes essential to study the productive chain of these species as a strategy to minimize the loss of native vegetation and maintaining the environmental function of the areas to be explored.

The Brazilian Amazon, which has been heavily devastated by exploratory processes and human occupation, has great value in terms of forest resources. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of native forest species to constitute productive agroforestry systems that can be set up in areas of legal reserve. A floristic/phytosociological survey was carried out of tree individuals with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm in 12 plots of 50 x 100 m (0.5 ha). From the data, species with a density of greater than three trees ha-1 were selected, and evaluated for use and ecological group. A total of 180 species distributed in 40 botanical families were identified, of which only 23 species presented an absolute density (AD) ≥3 trees ha-1, indicating that the occurrence of most species in the area is rare. Species such as Copaifera multijuga, Dinizia excelsa, Peltogyne paniculata, Tachigali chrysophylla, Dipteryx odorata, Bertholletia excelsa and Hevea brasiliensis are used commercially and may be indicated for production systems. As a result, native Amazonian forest species have great potential for use in recovery programs, promoting the recovery of local biodiversity and the development of small rural properties. However, it is necessary to invest in research and the development of public policy to support such initiatives.

The Amazon Forest is represented not only by biological diversity, but also by cultural variety, appropriation, exploitation and management of natural resources. However, the Amazon rainforest has been undergoing vast destruction, without considering the various possible uses of forest. In this sense, this research aims to evaluate the socioeconomic aspects and the diversity of non-wood forest products (PFNMs) commercialized in open fairs situated in the Rio Machado Territory, Rondônia/Brazil. The research was carried out in four municipalities: Cacoal, Espigão do Oeste, Pimenta Bueno and Primavera de Rondônia. Data collection took place through interviews employing a semi-structured form, in which socioeconomic issues, PFNMs traded at fairs and supplier species were demanded. The Shanonn Index (H '), Sorensen Similarity (S) and the Importance Value (VI) for the species were generated. 41 fair dealers were interviewed. Labor force is predominantly familiar (92.68%) and the average monthly income from the commercialization of PFNMs was R$ 251.70 (reais), in which the main commercialized PFNM was the Brazil Nut (Castanha-do-pará – Bertholletia excelsa). Eleven forest species were cited, which indicated low species diversity (H’: 1.92), and it was verified a high similarity of PFNMs commercialized among the municipalities (S: 0.69). The species Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), Açaí palm (Açaí – Euterpe oleracea) and Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) showed higher indicating (VI), demonstrating that PFNMs commercialization is still concentrated in few species.