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TThe inTeresT in phasor measuremenT Technology has reached a peak in recent years, as the need for the best estimate of the power system's state is recognized to be a crucial element in improving its performance and its resilience in the face of catastrophic failures. in most countries installing the phasor measurement units (pmus) and getting to know the pmu system behavior through continuous observations of system events has been the first step. all installations are reaching for a hierarchical wide-area measurement system (Wams) so that the measurements obtained from various substations on the system can be collected at central locations from which various monitoring, protection, and control applications can be developed. in this article, experts from several countries summarize their Wams-related activities in some detail. it is of course not possible to claim that this is a complete list of countries pursuing this technology. To the best of our knowledge similar activities are also progressing in south africa, Taiwan, Japan, and several other countries. however, the contributions here provide an account of the most advanced stages in Wams development in major world economies.-A.G. Phadke The Brazilian national interconnect power system (sin) is characterized with a dominant hydroelectric power generation and long-distance power transfers from generation parks to load centers (Figure 1). studies for phasor measurement applications in Brazil were started in the early 1990s by the study committee of the interconnected operation coordination group (gcoi), prior to the deregulation of the Brazil energy sector. difficulties faced by the Brazilian economy during that decade and the restructuring process of the electric energy sector delayed the project.

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