The aerial part, root and fruits of Ferulago longistylis Boiss. an endemic species, were subjected to the evaluation of essential oil compositions and antimicrobial activity. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components of the aerial part were identified as α-pinene (18.7%), bornyl acetate (11.8%), 2,3,6trimethyl benzaldehyde (9.3%), p-cymene (7.7%), for the roots, α-pinene (91.7%); and for the fruits, 2,3,6-trimethyl benzaldehyde (26.5%), α-pinene (14.9%), (Z)-β-ocimene (14.1%), myrcene (7.5%), sabinene (7.3%), respectively. The essential oils were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of some human pathogens using a broth microdilution technique resulting in relatively weak antimicrobial and antifungal activity (MIC 1.25-10 mg/mL).

No abstract

The genus Phlomis, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family, comprises 100 species native to Turkey, Asia, Europe, and North Africa. As reported in many studies, Phlomis genus has unique therapeutic and aromatic properties. According to the data obtained from traditional uses, Phlomis species have a characteristic taste and so are traditionally consumed as herbal tea to treat diabetes, gastrointestinal disease as well as maintain overall health by protecting the liver, kidney, bone, and cardiovascular systems. In this present work, it was focused on the evaluation of the in-vitro enzyme inhibition (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and tyrosinase (TYR) and non-enzyme antioxidant activities (TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and Iron-chelating activity assay) of the dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol extracts prepared from aerial parts of Phlomis nissolii, P. samia and P. sieheana with ultrasonic assisted method. All methanol extracts were rich in phenolic compounds and have high antioxidant activities. In the literature, there is no activity study related to the extracts of P. sieheana. The methanol extract of P. samia was the most active among other observed species. Especially the high tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity of P. sieheana DCM extract may be promising for cosmetic product development.