The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are healthful to humans, particularly in promoting growth and cognitive development in infants and young children, and in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Though the populations who inhabit the Trabzon province of Turkey include seafood from the Black Sea in their diet, knowledge of the fatty acid composition and content of these fish is scant. Fatty acid analysis was performed on freeze-dried muscle tissue of 12 species of fish purchased in markets in Trabzon. The fat content varied from 0.2% (garfish) to 12% (shad) of dry weight. The highest DHA and DHA plus EPA contents were found in horse mackerel 16.1 and 20.6 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Only in sea bass and sea bream did the essential fatty acid linoleic acid account for more than 10% of the fatty acid total. For all 12 species, arachidonic acid accounted for 0.09% to 7.64% of the fatty acid total. Oleic acid varied greatly from 0.14% (garfish) to 32.7% (shad). The omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio ranged from 0.8 to 25. A 100 g serving of fresh horse mackerel would contribute 586 mg of DHA to the diet, which exceeds the recommended daily intake of 200 to 300 mg of DHA for pregnant and lactating women. These data indicate that some, but not all, of the 12 fish species from the Black Sea fish we studied could contribute significantly to satisfy the DHA and EPA needs of the inhabitants of the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey.

The genus Phlomis, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family, comprises 100 species native to Turkey, Asia, Europe, and North Africa. As reported in many studies, Phlomis genus has unique therapeutic and aromatic properties. According to the data obtained from traditional uses, Phlomis species have a characteristic taste and so are traditionally consumed as herbal tea to treat diabetes, gastrointestinal disease as well as maintain overall health by protecting the liver, kidney, bone, and cardiovascular systems. In this present work, it was focused on the evaluation of the in-vitro enzyme inhibition (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and tyrosinase (TYR) and non-enzyme antioxidant activities (TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and Iron-chelating activity assay) of the dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol extracts prepared from aerial parts of Phlomis nissolii, P. samia and P. sieheana with ultrasonic assisted method. All methanol extracts were rich in phenolic compounds and have high antioxidant activities. In the literature, there is no activity study related to the extracts of P. sieheana. The methanol extract of P. samia was the most active among other observed species. Especially the high tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity of P. sieheana DCM extract may be promising for cosmetic product development.

No abstract

No abstract

The seed oils of twenty-six species of Apiaceae belonging to the genera Bunium,