Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder involving the loss of muscle mass and function, associated with an increased risk of disability and frailty. Though its prevalence in dementia has been studied, its occurrence in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been well established. As MCI is often a prelude to dementia, our study aims to investigate the prevalence of MCI among individuals with sarcopenia and to also ascertain whether sarcopenia is independently associated with MCI. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles on MCI and/or sarcopenia published from inception to 1 February 2022. We reviewed the available literature on the number of individuals with MCI and/or sarcopenia and calculated odds ratios (ORs) of sarcopenia in MCI and MCI in sarcopenia, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using the meta package in Stata, Version 12.0. A total of 13 studies and 27 428 patients were included in our analysis. The pooled prevalence of MCI in participants with sarcopenia was 20.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.140–0.269) in a total sample of 2923 cases with a high level of heterogeneity (P < 0.001; I2 = 95.4%). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia with MCI was 9.1% (95% CI: 0.047–0.134, P < 0.001; I2 = 93.0%). For overall ORs, there were 23 364 subjects with a mean age of 73 years; the overall adjusted OR between MCI and sarcopenia was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.31–1.62). Slight heterogeneity in both adjusted ORs (P = 0.46; I2 = 0%) was noted across the studies. The prevalence of MCI is relatively high in patients with sarcopenia, and sarcopenia may be a risk factor for MCI.

Backgroud: Tumor radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for solid tumors has been proposed, but tumor vascular structure abnormalities and immune microenvironment often affect the therapeutic effect of tumor, and there are few reports on multimodal imaging markers in the study of tumor therapeutic response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamic monitoring of tumor blood vessels and microenvironment induced by radiotherapy by magnetic resonance imaging /photoacoustic imaging (MR/PA) imaging, and to explore the therapeutic effect of tumor radiotherapy combined with PD-L1 immunocheckpoint inhibitor. Methods The tumor-bearing mice (TBM) were randomly allocated to six groups: the low-dose group, high-dose group, low-dose + PD-L1 group, high-dose + PD-L1 group, anti-PD-L1 group and control group. Animals received 2 Gy/14 Fx (low-dose group) or 8 Gy/3 Fx (high-dose group) radiation and the combination treatment groups were given an anti-PD-L1 antibody for two consecutive weeks. MR/PA imaging was used to noninvasively evaluate the response of breast cancer model to different doses of radiotherapy, combined with histopathological techniques to observe the changes of tumor vessels and microenvironment. Results The inhibitory effect of high-dose radiotherapy on tumors was significantly greater than that of low-dose radiotherapy, with the MR images revealing that the signal intensity (SI) decreased significantly (p༜0.05). Compared with those in the other groups, the tumor vascular density decreased significantly, and the vascular maturity index (VMI) increased significantly in the low-dose group (p༜0.05). The PA images showed that the deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) and total hemoglobin (HbT) levels decreased and the SO2 level increased after radiation treatment. In addition, the high-dose group had an increased number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells) and natural killer (NK) cells and increased PD-L1 expression in the tumors (p༜0.05). The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy increased the survival rate of the mice, and a regimen of an 8 Gy dose of radiation combined with immunotherapy inhibited tumor growth and increased the survival rate of the mice to a greater degree than the 2 Gy radiation dose with immunotherapy combination (p = 0. 002). Conclusion Differential fractionation radiotherapy doses exert different effects on tumor vascular remodeling and the immune microenvironment, and MR/PA can be used to evaluate tumor vascular remodeling after radiotherapy, which is of great significance for the clinical applications of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract