PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and depressive symptoms and estimate the association between them in elderly Chinese community-dwelling individuals.Patients and methodsA total of 948 elderly Chinese community-dwelling individuals were recruited through leaflets and posters from three communities in Chengdu, and 865 participants were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Muscle mass was measured using the bioimpedance analysis, handgrip strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer, and physical performance was assessed via usual gait speed on a 6 m course. Sarcopenia was defined according to the recommended diagnostic algorithm of the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Chinese version of 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) with a score of ≥5 indicative of the presence of depressive symptoms.ResultsA total of 865 participants were included in the analysis. The participants had a mean age of 68.68±6.46 years. Sixty-one (7.1%) participants and 71 (8.2%) participants were identified as having sarcopenia and depressive symptoms, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and other potential confounders, sarcopenia was found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 2.23, 95% CI 1.06–4.92).ConclusionThe prevalence rates of sarcopenia and depressive symptoms were 7.1 and 8.2%, respectively, in elderly Chinese community-dwelling individuals, and sarcopenia was significantly associated with depressive symptoms.

BackgroundSarcopenia is defined as the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function. The risk factors and causes of sarcopenia must be identified to develop prevention and treatment strategies for this syndrome. Our aim was to examine the association between sarcopenia with lifestyle and family function among community-dwelling Chinese people aged 60 years and older.MethodsWe conducted this study to evaluate sarcopenia among 834 community-dwelling Chinese individuals aged ≥60 years using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. The sociodemographic characteristics, food consumption patterns, habits of smoking, and alcohol consumption of the participants were collected using a general questionnaire, whereas physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; long-form version). Family function was assessed using the Family APGAR scale. In addition, the association of sarcopenia with lifestyle and family function was examined using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe total prevalence rate of sarcopenia was 10.6%. Female participants with sarcopenia had a lower frequency per week of nut consumption than those without sarcopenia (p < 0.05), whereas, for male participants, the differences in food consumption patterns of those with sarcopenia versus those without sarcopenia were not significant. Among the participants, the mean Family APGAR score was 8 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.92). For both sexes, participants with sarcopenia had lower family function scores than those without sarcopenia. In the multivariate model, after adjustment for all covariates, frequency per week of nut consumption (adjusted OR 0.724, 95% CI 0.532–0.985, P < 0.05) and Family APGAR score (adjusted OR 0.683, 95% CI 0.496–0.940, P = 0.019) were statistically significantly associated with sarcopenia. The relationship between other lifestyle habits and sarcopenia was not significant.ConclusionThere was significant association between sarcopenia with intake of nuts and family function. Further studies should evaluate if adequate intake of nuts and a well-functioning family may be effective in lowering the risk of sarcopenia.

ObjectiveCurrently, the prevalence of CF (Cognitive Frailty) is not very clear, and the relationship between CF and its associated risk factors has not been accurately evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis further to understand CF's prevalence and associated factors.MethodsEmbase, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane were systematically searched for articles exploring the prevalence of CF, the deadline of searching date was up to March 2021. For the prevalence of CF, the events of CF and the total number of patients in every included study were extracted to estimate the prevalence of CF. For associated factors of CF, Odds Ratios (ORs) with (corresponding) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for estimations.ResultsFirstly, the estimated prevalence of CF I (Cognitive Frailty in the model I) was 16%, 95% CI (0.13–0.19), and the estimated prevalence of CF II (Cognitive Frailty in model II) was 6%, 95% CI (0.05–0.07). Secondly, both lower engagement in activities and age were calculated to be independent risk factors of CF, and the OR (95% CI) was 3.31 (2.28–4.81) and 1.10 (1.04–1.16), respectively. Finally, depression was also a prominent risk factor of CF, with the overall OR (95% CI) as 1.57 (1.32–1.87).ConclusionCF was a high prevalence in community older. The various assessment scales and the different cutoff values of diagnostic criteria would affect the prevalence of CF. Lower engagement in activities, age, and depression was the risky factor of CF.Systematic Review Registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42019121369.

Background: Frail patients are increasingly vulnerable to stress, which is mainly manifested by a reduced physiologic reserve in metabolic and immune systems and neuromuscular system. Several studies found a significant association of frailty with COVID-19 severity to support the evidence for the application of frailty assessment. However, there were contradictory results in other studies. Thus we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the current studies to investigate impact of frailty on COVID-19 outcomes and provide evidence-based decisions in clinical practice. Objective: We aimed to synthesize the current studies to investigate impact of frailty on COVID-19 outcomes and provide evidence-based decisions in clinical practice. Design: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of 16 cohort studies. Participants: Patients with COVID-19. Methods: A systematic retrieving for potential literature was conducted in several public electronic databases, including Medline(OvidSP), EMBASE, Pubmed and Chinese databases(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang and Weipu) on August 1, 2020.The literature research was updated on October 26, 2020. Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cohort studies was used for quality assessment. RevMan (Version 5.3) and Stata 14.0 were used to synthesize the pooled effects. Results: According to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, sixteen studies of 4324 patients were included in the final analysis. Frailty was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19, with pooled adjusted odds ratios of 1.81 (95% confidence intervals:1.48,2.21, I2=87.0%, P<0.001). The result was consistent in stratified analysis to according to age, patient source, definitions of frailty, study quality, and adjustment method. Frailty was significant associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 severity, admission to intensive care unit, application of invasive mechanical ventilation, long-length stay. Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, we found frailty was significantly associated with an increased risk of clinical adverse events (all-cause mortality, COVID-19 severity, admission to the intensive care unit, application of invasive mechanical ventilation, long-length stay). Given the epidemic of COVID-19 and shortage of medical resources, paying more attention to screening frailty would contribute to disease management and resource allocation among patients with COVID-19.