A relatively simple dance-based exercise can support lower-body functioning in previously sedentary, frail older adults.

Background:Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes, precursor of steroids, biliary acids and other components of serious importance in live organism. Cholesterol synthesis is a complicated and energy-demanding process. Real daily need of cholesterol and mechanisms of decline cholesterol levels in critical ill are unknown. During stressful situations a signifi cant hypocholesterolaemia may be found. Hypocholesterolemia has been known for a number of years to be a signifi cant prognostic indicator of increased morbidity and mortality connected with a whole spectrum of pathological conditions. The aim of article is the elucidation of the role and importance of hypocholesterolaemia during the intensive care. . Methods and Results:We examined studies that are engaged in problems of hypocholesterolemia in critically ill. Very low levels of total as well as LDL cholesterol are most frequently found in serious polytrauma, after extensive surgery, in serious infections, in protracted hypovolemic shock. It is still not clear whether hypocholesterolemia refl ects only a serious metabolic disorder, which results from a life-threatening condition, or whether it has an active role in evolution and outcome.Conclusions: Hypocholesterolemia is commonly observed in critically ill patients. Nevertheless, it is not known whether it is a secondary manifestation of disease, or whether it actively contributes to deterioration of the disease. Although the contribution of hypocholesterolemia to mortality is modest compared with known risk factors such as increased severity of illness and the development of nosocomial infection, low serum lipid concentrations represent a potential therapeutic target in sepsis.

The difference between pregnancy body weight and ideal body weight was shown to be a determinant of DIEN. From recent knowledge on prevention of various pathological states, the supplementation or modification of nutritional intake of food with folate, iron, vitamin D, zinc, iodine and fiber for Czech pregnant women is recommended.

Aims:We are currently witnessing changes in views on the evaluation of serum proteins. A decrease may signal not only malnutrition. It may also be an indicator of simultaneously occurring infl ammatory disease. Prealbumin, due to its short half-life, is a suitable indicator of changes in protein-energy balance, but its levels show, as with other serum proteins, a decrease in the case of infl ammation too. The present study aimed to determine the prealbumin values of hospitalized geriatric patients and how they are aff ected by infl ammatory disease.Methods: In 101 patients aged over 80 years, the relationships were compared between prealbumin and C-reactive protein in the whole group and then in the subgroups with normal and increased C-reactive protein.Results: In 67.33 % of hospitalized geriatric patients prealbumin was below the limit of the norm. A statistically highly signifi cant dependence (p < 0.001) was demonstrated between a decrease in prealbumin and an increase in Creactive protein in the whole group. In the subgroup with normal C-reactive protein, no statistically signifi cant decrease in prealbumin was demonstrated, whereas in the subgroup with increased C-reactive protein a signifi cant decrease in prealbumin (p < 0.001 for the whole group, p < 0.01 men, p < 0.05 women) was found.Conclusions: The study demonstrated subnormal mean initial values of prealbumin and a highly statistically significant negative correlation between a decrease in prealbumin and an increase in C-reactive protein in the whole group. We confi rm that in infl ammation there is a statistically signifi cant decrease in serum concentration of prealbumin.

Decreased levels of TGF β in Alzheimer's disease may result in impairment of cerebral circulation reflected in the increased endoglin levels. These findings may indicate involvement of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.