This research aims to discuss about the influences of tour guides education and training towards competencies and the impact direct and indirect to performance. It is used mix combination between qualitative and quantitative research with concurrent embedded models. This research used data primary and secondary data. Data collected by observation, interview and spreading questionare to 99 tour guides. Analysis data used path analysis with a single path. The result of this research is education and training has positive and significant influence towards competencies Balinese tour guides with coefficient values 0,802. Competency has positive and significant influence towards performance Balinese tour guides with coefficient value 0,563. Education and training has positive and significant influence toward performance directly with coefficient value 0,279. Education and training through competencies has positive and significant influence toward performance indirectly with sum total coefficient value 0,731. Suggestions for academic expected to research reenacting with same model to verifying result of the study. The suggestion for stakeholder related tour guides profession is to increasing education and training programme of tour guides for increasing competencies and performance of Balinese tour guides.

INTISARIKeberadaan tumbuhan bawah sebagai akibat adanya bukaan tajuk merupakan keuntungan tersendiri bagi ekosistem lokal termasuk penyediaan nutrisi bagi tegakan yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dampak keterbukaan tajuk terhadap keragaman tumbuhan bawah. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan line transect dengan plot 2 m × 2 m dengan arah memotong garis kontur pada tegakan Pinus oocarpa, Agathis alba, dan hutan alam sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman tumbuhan bawah pada semua tegakan tergolong tinggi, dimana indeks keragaman pada tegakan KATA KUNCI tumbuhan bawah indeks keragaman tutupan tajuk tegakan pinus tegakan agathis

Pengelolaan biodiversitas nasional hanya akan efektif jika penggalian potensi sejalan dengan upaya konservasinya secara berkesinambungan. Status lahan Kebun Raya (KR) yang tetap dan tidak dapat dialihfungsikan merupakan jaminan kelestarian tumbuhan di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap potensi tutupan vegetasi Kebun Raya Indonesia (KRI) sebagai bentuk sinergi antara konservasi tumbuhan termasuk pemanfaatannya dengan program lintas tema Pemerintah dalam upaya penurunan emisi karbon. Peranan koleksi KRI telah diukur Purnomo et al. (2013), dimana sebesar 24% tumbuhan terancam kepunahan telah dikoleksi di 25 KRI. Perhitungan kandungan karbon pada tutupan vegetasi Kebun Raya dapat diukur dengan metode pendugaan cepat dengan menghitung luas tutupan dikalikan kandungan karbon jenis tutupan. Nilai C stock pada tiap tipe tutupan vegetasi ditentukan berdasarkan tetapan Masripatin et al. (2010). Hasil perhitungan nilai C stock pada semua tutupan vegetasi KRI adalah 336.058,62 tonC. Kebun Raya yang memiliki lahan luas dengan tutupan vegetasi rapat seperti KR Jambi dan KR Balikpapan berkontribusi tertinggi dengan nilai C stock masing-masing 47.293,45 tonC dan 41.033,96 tonC. Koleksi KR tua yang diwakili 4 KR LIPI memiliki C stock rata-rata 138,32 tonC/ha, sedangkan pada KR baru yang diwakili KR Batam, KR Kendari, KR Banua, dan KR Sriwijaya memiliki C stock rata-rata 45,71 tonC/ha. Kandungan karbon pada kebun raya yang telah mencapai tutupan vegetasi ideal adalah 105,81 tonC/ha.

Hidayat S, Dodo, Purnomo DW, Helmanto H, Supriyatna I. 2018. Habitat of Nepenthes spp. in the area of Sampit BotanicGardens, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1258-1265. Nepenthes spp are protected plant and most of them are at leastconcern criteria. The research purpose is to explore the habitat information that supports the existence of Nepenthes in the area aroundSampit Botanic Gardens, Central Kalimantan. Three different sites have been selected in this research. In each sites, seven samplingplots have been made by purposively sampling, each plot measuring 5x5 m2. In the Gelam Forest (Melaleuca quinquenervia), twoNepenthes species have been found, namely Nepenthes gracilis and Nepenthes mirabilis. In two other sites, in Peat Swamp Forest andAlang-alang Forest (Imperata cylindrica), dominated by N. mirabilis. Combretocarpus rotundatus is a tree in the Peat Swamp Forestthat is mostly climbed by Nepenthes. Scleria sumatrensis and Stenochlaena palustris are two species of plants that are always found inthe three research sites, but the dominant family is Melastomataceae primarily represented by Melastoma malabathricum. Nepenthesmirabilis can be found in the three research sites with an equal number, but N. gracilis was only abundant in the Gelam forest. By usingimageJ software, obtained canopy cover in Gelam forest only 10%. Meanwhile, based on laboratory test, the soil in the Gelam forest isdominated by the dust fraction and is relatively more fertile than the Alang forest. In this case, Nepenthes favored open canopy, but wasquite watery and relatively fertile.

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